chore: auto release commit (2026-06-15 17:32:47)

examples/real_browser_rpa/README.md

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+# Real Browser RPA Example
+
+这是一个真实网站浏览器 RPA skill 的可复制参考实现，适用于需要登录、人工验证、搜索、滚动加载、采集和入库的场景。
+
+**说明：**
+
+- 本示例是通用模板，不绑定具体平台。
+- 示例抽象自已跑通的真实浏览器 RPA skill（抖音视频链接采集），但代码已改成中性示例命名。
+- 新 skill 开发时可以复制本目录，再替换目标站点、选择器、解析逻辑和业务字段。
+
+## 适用场景
+
+- 真实网站操作（非 sandbox / mock）
+- 需要登录态与 persistent Chrome/Edge profile
+- 需要通过 account-manager 管理账号和 `profile_dir`
+- 需要处理人工登录、滑块验证码、短信验证码
+- 需要关键词搜索、滚动加载、采集可见条目
+- 需要结构化日志、用户友好的停止原因、失败留痕（截图/视频）
+
+## 目录结构
+
+```
+real_browser_rpa/
+├── README.md
+├── scripts/
+│   ├── service/
+│   │   ├── account_client.py      # subprocess 调用 account-manager
+│   │   ├── browser_session.py     # 系统 Chrome + persistent context
+│   │   ├── human_verification.py  # 滑块/短信/保存登录弹窗检测（不依赖 task_rpa 错误类型）
+│   │   ├── task_rpa.py            # RPA 主流程
+│   │   └── task_service.py        # 轻量编排（示例无 DB）
+│   └── util/
+│       ├── constants.py           # 平台常量、selector 占位
+│       └── logging.py             # 结构化日志与脱敏
+└── tests/
+    ├── test_human_verification.py # 验证码误判防护
+    └── test_stop_reason.py        # 停止原因文案
+```
+
+## 核心流程
+
+1. **pick account** — 通过 `account_client.pick_web_account()` 获取 `profile_dir` 与租约
+2. **启动浏览器** — `launch_persistent_context` + `new_page()` + `page.goto(start_url)`
+3. **人工验证（启动后）** — 检测滑块/短信，等待用户完成
+4. **等待登录** — 检测登录按钮消失 / 登录态 marker 出现
+5. **保存登录弹窗** — 等待“是否保存登录信息”倒计时消失
+6. **人工验证（登录后）** — 再次检测
+7. **搜索** — 定位搜索框 → 输入关键词 → 点击搜索
+8. **等待结果容器** — `#search-result-container`（示例 selector）
+9. **滚动采集循环** — 采集可见条目 → 判断 stop_reason → 滚动加载
+10. **返回结果** — `ScrapeRunResult` + `format_stop_reason_for_user()`
+11. **释放租约** — `finally` 中 `release_lease()`
+
+## 开发新 skill 时如何复制
+
+1. **先阅读** `examples/real_browser_rpa/README.md`（本节及下方「复制边界」）
+2. 复制整个 `examples/real_browser_rpa/` 到新 skill 的 `scripts/` 结构（或作为起点合并）
+3. 修改 `util/constants.py` 中的 `TARGET_PLATFORM`、`DEFAULT_START_URL`、selector 常量
+4. 替换 `task_rpa.py` 中的登录态 marker、搜索框/结果解析逻辑（**必须 F12 实测**）
+5. 替换 `human_verification.py` 中的验证码 selector（若目标站点 DOM 不同）
+6. 在 `task_service.py` 中接入真实 DB、任务日志、RpaVideoSession
+7. 添加 CLI 入口（`scripts/main.py`），并补齐 `SKILL.md` 的 LLM/运行契约说明与根 `README.md` 的用户市场说明
+
+## 复制边界：哪些能复制，哪些必须替换
+
+### 可以直接参考/复制的
+
+- `browser_session.py` 的启动结构：**persistent context → new_page → goto**
+- `human_verification.py` 的人工验证等待模式（容器级检测 + 等待人工，不自动破解）
+- `task_rpa.py` 的流程分层、结构化日志点、`stop_reason` 设计
+- `account_client.py` 的 account-manager CLI **集中封装**方式（subprocess 仅限此文件）
+- `tests/test_human_verification.py` 的误判防护测试思路
+
+### 必须替换的
+
+- `SKILL_SLUG`
+- `TARGET_PLATFORM`
+- `LEASE_HOLDER`
+- `DEFAULT_START_URL`
+- `SEARCH_INPUT_SELECTORS` / `SEARCH_BUTTON_SELECTOR`
+- `RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR` / `RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR`
+- `SCROLL_CONTAINER_SELECTORS`
+- `RESULT_END_TEXT`
+- `LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS` / `LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR`（见下方说明）
+- `_parse_item_locator()` 业务字段解析
+- 用户可见中文文案
+- 数据库写入逻辑
+- 任务日志逻辑
+- 录屏/截图业务标题
+
+### 禁止照抄的
+
+- 不要照抄目标站点 selector（示例 selector 不等于真实 DOM）
+- 不要照抄平台名、slug、logger 名
+- 不要依赖 `D:\OpenClaw\client-commons\account-manager\scripts\main.py` 等开发机绝对路径作为生产依赖
+- 不要把示例里的 result selector 当成真实站点 selector
+- 不要把示例代码原样发布为业务 skill
+- 不要把真实账号、手机号、cookie、token 写入代码或 README
+
+### 登录 selector 说明
+
+`task_rpa.py` 中的 `LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS` 与 `LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR` **只是示例**，偏中文「登录」按钮和常见站点结构。复制到新 skill 后：
+
+- **必须**用目标站点 F12 / DOM 实测后替换
+- **不允许**凭经验猜 selector
+- **不允许**因为示例在本机曾跑通就直接照搬到其他平台
+
+### account-manager 路径解析说明
+
+`account_client.py` 末尾的 `D:\OpenClaw\client-commons\account-manager\scripts\main.py` 是**开发环境兜底路径**，仅用于模板/本机调试。复制到真实 skill 后：
+
+- **优先**通过 `ACCOUNT_MANAGER_ROOT`、`CLAW_SKILLS_ROOT`、`JIANGCHANG_SKILLS_ROOT` 或宿主运行环境解析 account-manager
+- **不要**把个人机器路径作为生产依赖
+
+## 必须保留的安全原则
+
+- **不 import account-manager 内部模块** — 只通过 CLI/subprocess 调用
+- **不自动破解验证码** — 滑块/短信只检测 + 等待人工完成
+- **日志脱敏** — 不输出完整手机号/账号
+- **租约释放** — `pick-web --lease` 后必须在 `finally` 释放
+- **失败留痕** — 真实 skill 应在关键失败点截图（示例中已留注释位）
+
+## 常见坑
+
+| 坑 | 正确做法 |
+|---|---|
+| 直接 `import account_manager.service...` | 通过 `subprocess` 调用 `account-manager/scripts/main.py` |
+| 把 URL 放进 `launch_persistent_context(args=[url])` | `args` 只放 Chrome 参数；URL 用 `page.goto(start_url)` |
+| 启动后直接操作 DOM | 先 `context.new_page()` 再 `page.goto()` |
+| 用整页 `body.inner_text()` 判断验证码 | 限定在 `[role='dialog']`、`.vc-captcha-verify` 等容器 |
+| 搜索结果含“验证码教程”文字就误判 | 单元测试覆盖：无验证 DOM 时不应 `present=True` |
+| 无结构化日志 | 关键节点打 `rpa_start` / `browser_ready` / `collect_round` 等 |
+| 把 CLI 参数暴露给普通用户 | 用户说明放根 `README.md`；运行契约与触发规则放 `SKILL.md`（LLM/平台入口） |
+
+## 需要替换的内容清单
+
+| 文件 | 替换项 |
+|---|---|
+| `util/constants.py` | `SKILL_SLUG`、`TARGET_PLATFORM`、`DEFAULT_START_URL`、所有 selector |
+| `browser_session.py` | `get_start_url()` 配置来源、stealth 脚本（可选） |
+| `human_verification.py` | `SLIDER_SELECTORS`、`SMS_SELECTORS`、`DIALOG_TEXT_CONTAINERS` |
+| `task_rpa.py` | `LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS`、`LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR`、`_parse_item_locator()` |
+| `account_client.py` | `PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM`、`LEASE_HOLDER`、账号 setup 文案 |
+| `task_service.py` | 接入 DB、任务日志、entitlement、视频留痕 |
+
+## 依赖说明
+
+本目录是 **示例**，不影响 skill-template 根目录运行。真实 skill 需要：
+
+- Python 3.10+
+- Python 包 `playwright`：属于**宿主共享 runtime** 的通用能力；技能侧**不要**在 `requirements.txt` 中重复声明，也**不要**在代码或脚本中执行 `pip install playwright`
+- 真实 skill **默认使用系统 Chrome/Edge**，**不使用** Playwright 下载的内置 Chromium
+- 技能侧**不要**执行 `playwright install`、`playwright install chromium` 或类似命令
+- 若本地独立开发环境缺少 Playwright Python 包，只能作为开发机临时环境补装；**生产/宿主运行**由共享 runtime 解决
+- `jiangchang_skill_core`（如 `find_chrome_executable` 等，由 platform-kit 提供）
+- 兄弟 skill `account-manager`
+
+## 运行测试
+
+```bash
+cd examples/real_browser_rpa
+python -m pytest tests/ -v
+```
+
+测试为纯函数/Mock DOM，**不需要启动真实浏览器**。
+
+## 当前状态
+
+- 示例代码已就绪，可直接作为新 skill 复制起点。
+- 未绑定具体平台业务字段；selector 为占位示例。
+- 未接入真实数据库与 CLI 入口。

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/account_client.py

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+"""account-manager CLI 集成（仅 subprocess，不 import 兄弟 skill 内部模块）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from util.constants import LEASE_HOLDER, LEASE_TTL_SEC, TARGET_PLATFORM
+from util.logging import mask_text
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM = TARGET_PLATFORM
+
+ACCOUNT_SETUP_MESSAGE = (
+    f"未找到可用的 {PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM} 账号，所以还没有打开浏览器。"
+    f"请先在 account-manager 中添加 platform={PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM}、"
+    "status=active、带 profile_dir 的账号后重新运行。"
+)
+
+LEASE_BUSY_MESSAGE = "目标平台账号当前被其他任务占用，请等待释放租约后重试。"
+
+
+class AccountManagerError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, code: str, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.code = code
+        self.message = message
+
+
+def mask_login_id(login_id: str) -> str:
+    return mask_text(login_id)
+
+
+def _resolve_account_manager_main() -> str:
+    """解析 account-manager CLI 入口路径。
+
+    优先级：ACCOUNT_MANAGER_ROOT → CLAW_SKILLS_ROOT / JIANGCHANG_SKILLS_ROOT → 开发机兜底。
+    末尾 dev 路径仅用于模板/本机调试，复制到真实 skill 后不要依赖个人机器绝对路径。
+    """
+    env_root = (os.getenv("ACCOUNT_MANAGER_ROOT") or "").strip()
+    if env_root and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(env_root, "scripts", "main.py")):
+        return os.path.join(os.path.abspath(env_root), "scripts", "main.py")
+
+    skills_root = (os.getenv("CLAW_SKILLS_ROOT") or os.getenv("JIANGCHANG_SKILLS_ROOT") or "").strip()
+    if skills_root:
+        candidate = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(skills_root), "account-manager", "scripts", "main.py")
+        if os.path.isfile(candidate):
+            return candidate
+
+    # 开发环境兜底：仅模板/本机调试；生产依赖宿主注入的路径变量，勿硬编码个人目录
+    dev = r"D:\OpenClaw\client-commons\account-manager\scripts\main.py"
+    if os.path.isfile(dev):
+        return dev
+
+    raise AccountManagerError(
+        "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND",
+        "未找到 account-manager，请配置 ACCOUNT_MANAGER_ROOT 或安装 account-manager 技能。",
+    )
+
+
+def _parse_last_json(stdout: str) -> Any:
+    lines = [ln.strip() for ln in (stdout or "").splitlines() if ln.strip()]
+    for raw in reversed(lines):
+        if raw.startswith("ERROR:"):
+            continue
+        try:
+            return json.loads(raw)
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            continue
+    raise AccountManagerError("UNKNOWN_ERROR", "stdout 中没有可解析的 JSON。")
+
+
+def _run_argv(argv_suffix: List[str]) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
+    main_py = _resolve_account_manager_main()
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    return subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, main_py, *argv_suffix],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        errors="replace",
+        env=env,
+    )
+
+
+def _normalize_error_code(raw: str) -> str:
+    code = (raw or "").strip()
+    if code.startswith("ERROR:"):
+        code = code[6:]
+    return code
+
+
+def _validate_pick_payload(payload: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if payload.get("success") is False:
+        err = payload.get("error") if isinstance(payload.get("error"), dict) else {}
+        code = _normalize_error_code(str(err.get("code") or ""))
+        message = str(err.get("message") or "")
+        if code == "LEASE_CONFLICT" or "LEASE_CONFLICT" in code:
+            raise AccountManagerError("LEASE_CONFLICT", LEASE_BUSY_MESSAGE)
+        if code in ("NO_ACCOUNT", "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND") or "NO_ACCOUNT" in code:
+            raise AccountManagerError("NO_ACCOUNT", message or "没有可用账号。")
+        raise AccountManagerError(code or "PICK_WEB_FAILED", message or "pick-web 失败。")
+
+    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", "pick-web 返回格式异常。")
+    if not payload.get("profile_dir"):
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", "pick-web 返回的账号缺少 profile_dir。")
+    return payload
+
+
+def _pick_web_with_lease(platform: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    proc = _run_argv(
+        [
+            "account",
+            "pick-web",
+            "--platform",
+            platform,
+            "--lease",
+            "--holder",
+            LEASE_HOLDER,
+            "--ttl-sec",
+            LEASE_TTL_SEC,
+        ]
+    )
+    out = proc.stdout or ""
+    if proc.returncode != 0 and not out.strip():
+        raise AccountManagerError(
+            "PICK_WEB_FAILED",
+            (proc.stderr or "").strip() or "pick-web 子进程失败",
+        )
+    payload = _parse_last_json(out)
+    if isinstance(payload, dict) and payload.get("success") is False:
+        return _validate_pick_payload(payload)
+    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", "pick-web 返回格式异常。")
+    return payload
+
+
+def _pick_by_id(platform: str, account_id: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    proc = _run_argv(["account", "get", str(account_id)])
+    out = proc.stdout or ""
+    if proc.returncode != 0 or out.startswith("ERROR:"):
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", f"指定账号 {account_id} 不存在或获取失败。")
+    raw = _parse_last_json(out)
+    if isinstance(raw, dict) and "data" in raw and isinstance(raw["data"], dict):
+        data = raw["data"]
+    elif isinstance(raw, dict):
+        data = raw
+    else:
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", "account get 返回非对象 JSON。")
+
+    platform_key = str(data.get("platform_key") or "").lower()
+    if platform_key != platform.lower():
+        raise AccountManagerError(
+            "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND",
+            f"账号 {account_id} 不是 {platform} 平台账号。",
+        )
+    profile_dir = str(data.get("profile_dir") or "").strip()
+    if not profile_dir:
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", f"账号 {account_id} 缺少 profile_dir。")
+    data["profile_dir"] = profile_dir
+    data["lease_token"] = ""
+    return data
+
+
+def pick_web_account(platform: str, account_id: Optional[str] = None) -> dict:
+    """获取网页账号（profile_dir + lease_token）。"""
+    platform_key = (platform or PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM).strip() or PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM
+
+    if account_id:
+        try:
+            aid = int(account_id)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", f"账号 ID 无效：{account_id}")
+        return _pick_by_id(platform_key, aid)
+
+    try:
+        return _pick_web_with_lease(platform_key)
+    except AccountManagerError as exc:
+        if exc.code in ("NO_ACCOUNT", "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND") or "NO_ACCOUNT" in exc.code:
+            raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_SETUP_REQUIRED", ACCOUNT_SETUP_MESSAGE) from exc
+        raise
+
+
+def release_lease(lease_token: Optional[str]) -> None:
+    token = (lease_token or "").strip()
+    if not token:
+        return
+    try:
+        proc = _run_argv(["lease", "release", token])
+        if proc.returncode != 0:
+            logger.warning("lease_release_failed stdout=%s", (proc.stdout or "").strip())
+    except Exception:
+        logger.warning("lease_release_exception", exc_info=True)

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/browser_session.py

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""浏览器会话启动（系统 Chrome/Edge + Playwright persistent context）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple
+
+from util.constants import DEFAULT_START_URL
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DEFAULT_PAGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000
+GOTO_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000
+
+STEALTH_INIT_SCRIPT = """
+(() => {
+  try { Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', { get: () => undefined }); } catch (e) {}
+})();
+"""
+
+
+def get_start_url() -> str:
+    return (os.getenv("TARGET_START_URL") or DEFAULT_START_URL).strip() or DEFAULT_START_URL
+
+
+def _headless_from_env() -> bool:
+    v = (os.getenv("OPENCLAW_BROWSER_HEADLESS") or "0").strip().lower()
+    return v in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")
+
+
+def _find_chrome_executable() -> str | None:
+    try:
+        from jiangchang_skill_core.runtime_env import find_chrome_executable
+
+        chrome = find_chrome_executable()
+        if chrome and os.path.isfile(chrome):
+            return chrome
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    candidates = [
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe"),
+    ]
+    for path in candidates:
+        if path and os.path.isfile(path):
+            return path
+    return None
+
+
+async def start_browser_session(
+    profile_dir: str,
+    *,
+    headless: Optional[bool] = None,
+) -> Tuple[Any, Any, Any]:
+    """
+    启动持久化 Chrome profile，new_page + goto 入口页，返回 (playwright, context, page)。
+
+    真实 skill 需要安装 playwright 与 jiangchang_skill_core。
+    """
+    from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
+
+    hl = headless if headless is not None else _headless_from_env()
+    start_url = get_start_url()
+    chrome = _find_chrome_executable()
+    if not chrome:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "ERROR:MISSING_BROWSER 未检测到 Chrome 或 Edge 浏览器，请先安装系统浏览器后重试。"
+        )
+
+    launch_args = ["--start-maximized", "--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled"]
+    logger.info(
+        "browser_launch chrome=%s profile_dir=%s start_url=%s args=%s headless=%s",
+        chrome,
+        profile_dir,
+        start_url,
+        launch_args,
+        hl,
+    )
+    print(f"[浏览器] 系统 Chrome: {chrome}")
+    print(f"[浏览器] profile_dir: [{profile_dir}]")
+    print(f"[浏览器] startup_url={start_url}")
+    print(f"[浏览器] args={launch_args}")
+
+    pw = await async_playwright().start()
+    context = None
+    try:
+        context = await pw.chromium.launch_persistent_context(
+            user_data_dir=profile_dir,
+            headless=hl,
+            executable_path=chrome,
+            locale="zh-CN",
+            no_viewport=True,
+            args=launch_args,
+            ignore_default_args=["--enable-automation"],
+        )
+        await context.add_init_script(STEALTH_INIT_SCRIPT)
+
+        page = await context.new_page()
+        page.set_default_timeout(DEFAULT_PAGE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        try:
+            await page.goto(start_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=GOTO_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"浏览器已启动，但未能打开目标首页 {start_url}。"
+                "请检查网络、Chrome profile、代理或页面访问状态。"
+                f"（{exc}）"
+            ) from exc
+
+        return pw, context, page
+    except Exception:
+        if context is not None:
+            try:
+                await context.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        await pw.stop()
+        raise
+
+
+async def close_browser_context(pw, context) -> None:
+    try:
+        if context is not None:
+            await context.close()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    try:
+        if pw is not None:
+            await pw.stop()
+    except Exception:
+        pass

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/human_verification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+"""人工验证等待：保存登录倒计时、滑块、短信验证码等（不自动破解）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import random
+import re
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional
+
+from util.constants import LOG_LOGGER_NAME
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(LOG_LOGGER_NAME)
+
+TEXT_EXCERPT_MAX = 120
+
+SAVE_LOGIN_STRONG_MARKERS = (
+    "是否保存登录信息",
+    "下次登录更便捷",
+    "保存登录信息",
+)
+
+SAVE_LOGIN_CONTAINER_SELECTORS = (
+    "[role=\"dialog\"]",
+    ".semi-modal",
+    ".semi-modal-content",
+)
+
+SLIDER_SELECTORS = [
+    ".vc-captcha-verify.slide",
+    ".captcha_verify_bar--title",
+    ".captcha-slider-tips",
+    "#captcha_verify_image",
+    ".captcha-slider-btn",
+]
+
+SMS_SELECTORS = [
+    ".second-verify-panel",
+    ".uc-ui-verify_sms-input",
+    ".uc-ui-verify-new_header-title",
+    "input[placeholder='手机号']",
+    "input[placeholder='请输入验证码']",
+]
+
+DIALOG_TEXT_CONTAINERS = [
+    "[role='dialog']",
+    ".semi-modal",
+    ".semi-modal-content",
+    ".vc-captcha-verify",
+    ".second-verify-panel",
+]
+
+RISK_MARKERS = (
+    "操作频繁",
+    "访问过于频繁",
+    "风险验证",
+    "安全验证",
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class HumanVerificationState:
+    present: bool
+    kind: str
+    message: str
+    selector: str = ""
+    text_excerpt: str = ""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class HumanVerificationWaitResult:
+    timed_out: bool
+    kind: str = ""
+    code: str = ""
+    message: str = ""
+    stage: str = ""
+
+
+def _text_excerpt(text: str) -> str:
+    cleaned = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", (text or "").strip())
+    if len(cleaned) <= TEXT_EXCERPT_MAX:
+        return cleaned
+    return cleaned[:TEXT_EXCERPT_MAX] + "..."
+
+
+def _contains_any(text: str, markers: tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
+    return any(m in text for m in markers)
+
+
+async def _selector_visible(page, selector: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        loc = page.locator(selector).first
+        return await loc.is_visible(timeout=500)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+async def _selector_inner_text(page, selector: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        return await page.locator(selector).first.inner_text(timeout=1000)
+    except Exception:
+        return ""
+
+
+async def _visible_text_from_first_visible(page, selectors: tuple[str, ...] | list[str]) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    for sel in selectors:
+        try:
+            loc = page.locator(sel).first
+            if await loc.is_visible(timeout=500):
+                text = await loc.inner_text(timeout=1000)
+                return sel, text or ""
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    return "", ""
+
+
+def _save_login_popup_from_text(text: str) -> bool:
+    if not text:
+        return False
+    if _contains_any(text, SAVE_LOGIN_STRONG_MARKERS):
+        return True
+    if "保存" in text and "取消" in text and ("登录" in text or "登录信息" in text):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+async def detect_save_login_popup(page) -> bool:
+    sel, text = await _visible_text_from_first_visible(page, SAVE_LOGIN_CONTAINER_SELECTORS)
+    if sel and _save_login_popup_from_text(text):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+async def wait_save_login_countdown_if_present(page, timeout_sec: int = 8) -> bool:
+    """若出现“保存登录信息”倒计时弹窗则等待其消失；未出现则立即返回 False。"""
+    if not await detect_save_login_popup(page):
+        return False
+
+    logger.info("save_login_popup_detected")
+    print("[登录] 检测到“保存登录信息”倒计时弹窗，等待其自动关闭...")
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    deadline = start + timeout_sec
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        if not await detect_save_login_popup(page):
+            elapsed = round(time.monotonic() - start, 2)
+            logger.info("save_login_popup_gone elapsed_sec=%s", elapsed)
+            return True
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
+    elapsed = round(time.monotonic() - start, 2)
+    logger.warning(
+        "save_login_popup_still_visible elapsed_sec=%s timeout_sec=%s",
+        elapsed,
+        timeout_sec,
+    )
+    print(
+        f"[登录] 警告：保存登录信息弹窗超过 {timeout_sec} 秒仍未消失，"
+        "将继续后续流程（您可能已手工点击保存/取消）。"
+    )
+    return True
+
+
+async def detect_slider_verification(page) -> Optional[HumanVerificationState]:
+    sel_slide = ".vc-captcha-verify.slide"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_slide):
+        text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_slide)
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="slider",
+            message="滑块验证码",
+            selector=sel_slide,
+            text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+        )
+
+    sel_title = ".captcha_verify_bar--title"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_title):
+        title_text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_title)
+        if "请完成下列验证后继续" in title_text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="slider",
+                message="滑块验证码",
+                selector=sel_title,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(title_text),
+            )
+
+    sel_tips = ".captcha-slider-tips"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_tips):
+        tips_text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_tips)
+        if "拖动完成上方拼图" in tips_text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="slider",
+                message="滑块验证码",
+                selector=sel_tips,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(tips_text),
+            )
+
+    if await _selector_visible(page, "#captcha_verify_image"):
+        for btn_sel in (".captcha-slider-btn", ".captcha_verify_slide--button", ".captcha-slider"):
+            if await _selector_visible(page, btn_sel):
+                return HumanVerificationState(
+                    present=True,
+                    kind="slider",
+                    message="滑块验证码",
+                    selector=f"#captcha_verify_image+{btn_sel}",
+                    text_excerpt="",
+                )
+
+    return None
+
+
+async def detect_sms_verification(page) -> Optional[HumanVerificationState]:
+    sel_panel = ".second-verify-panel"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_panel):
+        text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_panel)
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="sms",
+            message="短信验证码",
+            selector=sel_panel,
+            text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+        )
+
+    sel_sms = ".uc-ui-verify_sms-input"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_sms):
+        text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_sms)
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="sms",
+            message="短信验证码",
+            selector=sel_sms,
+            text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+        )
+
+    sel_hdr = ".uc-ui-verify-new_header-title"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_hdr):
+        hdr_text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_hdr)
+        if "短信验证" in hdr_text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="sms",
+                message="短信验证码",
+                selector=sel_hdr,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(hdr_text),
+            )
+
+    phone_visible = await _selector_visible(
+        page,
+        ".second-verify-panel input[placeholder='手机号'], .uc-ui-verify_sms-input input[placeholder='手机号']",
+    )
+    code_visible = await _selector_visible(
+        page,
+        ".second-verify-panel input[placeholder='请输入验证码'], .uc-ui-verify_sms-input input[placeholder='请输入验证码']",
+    )
+    if phone_visible and code_visible:
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="sms",
+            message="短信验证码",
+            selector="sms-phone-and-code-inputs",
+            text_excerpt="手机号+请输入验证码",
+        )
+
+    return None
+
+
+async def detect_human_verification_from_containers(page) -> Optional[HumanVerificationState]:
+    sel, text = await _visible_text_from_first_visible(page, DIALOG_TEXT_CONTAINERS)
+    if not sel or not text:
+        return None
+
+    if _contains_any(text, RISK_MARKERS):
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="risk",
+            message="安全/频控验证",
+            selector=sel,
+            text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+        )
+
+    if sel in (".vc-captcha-verify", ".vc-captcha-verify-visibility"):
+        if "请完成下列验证后继续" in text or "拖动完成上方拼图" in text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="slider",
+                message="滑块验证码",
+                selector=sel,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+            )
+
+    if sel in (".second-verify-panel", ".uc-ui-verify_sms-input"):
+        if "短信验证" in text or "获取验证码" in text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="sms",
+                message="短信验证码",
+                selector=sel,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+            )
+
+    return None
+
+
+async def detect_human_verification(page) -> HumanVerificationState:
+    """主检测入口：仅在验证码/弹窗容器级检测，不扫整页 body。"""
+    state = await detect_slider_verification(page)
+    if state is not None:
+        return state
+    state = await detect_sms_verification(page)
+    if state is not None:
+        return state
+    state = await detect_human_verification_from_containers(page)
+    if state is not None:
+        return state
+    return HumanVerificationState(present=False, kind="", message="", selector="", text_excerpt="")
+
+
+def detect_human_verification_from_text(text: str) -> HumanVerificationState:
+    """
+    根据 HTML/容器文本判断验证弹窗（单元测试辅助，不能作为真实页面主检测入口）。
+    只检查验证容器 DOM 标记，不根据正文关键词误判。
+    """
+    html_lower = (text or "").lower()
+    has_slider_dom = (
+        "vc-captcha-verify" in html_lower
+        and "slide" in html_lower
+        and (
+            "captcha-slider-tips" in html_lower
+            or "captcha_verify_bar--title" in html_lower
+            or "captcha_verify_image" in html_lower
+        )
+    )
+    if has_slider_dom:
+        selector = ".vc-captcha-verify.slide"
+        if "captcha-slider-tips" in html_lower:
+            selector = ".captcha-slider-tips"
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="slider",
+            message="滑块验证码",
+            selector=selector,
+            text_excerpt="",
+        )
+
+    has_sms_dom = "second-verify-panel" in html_lower or "uc-ui-verify_sms-input" in html_lower
+    if has_sms_dom:
+        selector = ".second-verify-panel" if "second-verify-panel" in html_lower else ".uc-ui-verify_sms-input"
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="sms",
+            message="短信验证码",
+            selector=selector,
+            text_excerpt="",
+        )
+
+    return HumanVerificationState(present=False, kind="", message="", selector="", text_excerpt="")
+
+
+def _wait_log_message(state: HumanVerificationState, wait_sec: int) -> str:
+    if state.kind == "slider":
+        return f"[人工验证] 检测到滑块验证码，请在浏览器中手工完成，最多等待 {wait_sec} 秒..."
+    if state.kind == "sms":
+        return f"[人工验证] 检测到短信验证码，请在浏览器中手工完成，最多等待 {wait_sec} 秒..."
+    return f"[人工验证] 检测到安全验证，请在浏览器中手工处理，最多等待 {wait_sec} 秒..."
+
+
+def _timeout_error_code(kind: str) -> str:
+    if kind == "slider":
+        return "SLIDER_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT"
+    if kind == "sms":
+        return "SMS_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT"
+    return "HUMAN_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT"
+
+
+def _timeout_error_message(kind: str, wait_sec: int) -> str:
+    if kind == "slider":
+        return (
+            f"滑块验证码未在 {wait_sec} 秒内完成，任务已停止。"
+            "请重新运行任务并及时在浏览器中完成验证。"
+        )
+    if kind == "sms":
+        return (
+            f"短信验证码未在 {wait_sec} 秒内完成，任务已停止。"
+            "请重新运行任务并及时完成短信验证。"
+        )
+    return (
+        f"安全验证未在 {wait_sec} 秒内完成，任务已停止。"
+        "请重新运行任务并及时在浏览器中完成验证。"
+    )
+
+
+async def wait_human_verification_if_present(
+    page,
+    *,
+    wait_sec: int = 180,
+    stage: str = "unknown",
+) -> Optional[HumanVerificationWaitResult]:
+    """
+    若存在人工验证则等待用户完成；无验证或已完成返回 None；超时返回 HumanVerificationWaitResult。
+    不自动拖动滑块、不自动填写短信验证码。
+    """
+    state = await detect_human_verification(page)
+    if not state.present:
+        return None
+
+    logger.warning(
+        "human_verification_detected stage=%s kind=%s selector=%s text=%s",
+        stage,
+        state.kind,
+        state.selector,
+        state.text_excerpt,
+    )
+    print(_wait_log_message(state, wait_sec))
+
+    last_state = state
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    deadline = start + wait_sec
+
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        state = await detect_human_verification(page)
+        if not state.present:
+            elapsed = round(time.monotonic() - start, 2)
+            logger.info(
+                "human_verification_passed stage=%s kind=%s elapsed_sec=%s",
+                stage,
+                last_state.kind,
+                elapsed,
+            )
+            await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(1.0, 2.0))
+            return None
+        last_state = state
+        await asyncio.sleep(2.0)
+
+    logger.warning(
+        "human_verification_timeout stage=%s kind=%s wait_sec=%s selector=%s",
+        stage,
+        last_state.kind,
+        wait_sec,
+        last_state.selector,
+    )
+    return HumanVerificationWaitResult(
+        timed_out=True,
+        kind=last_state.kind,
+        code=_timeout_error_code(last_state.kind),
+        message=_timeout_error_message(last_state.kind, wait_sec),
+        stage=stage,
+    )

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_rpa.py

@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+"""真实网站关键词搜索 RPA 示例（async Playwright）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import random
+import re
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from service.browser_session import close_browser_context, get_start_url, start_browser_session
+from service.human_verification import (
+    HumanVerificationWaitResult,
+    wait_human_verification_if_present,
+    wait_save_login_countdown_if_present,
+)
+from util.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    DEFAULT_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT,
+    HUMAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT,
+    LOG_LOGGER_NAME,
+    RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR,
+    RESULT_END_TEXT,
+    RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR,
+    SCROLL_CONTAINER_SELECTORS,
+    SEARCH_BUTTON_SELECTOR,
+    SEARCH_INPUT_SELECTORS,
+)
+from util.logging import mask_text, safe_log_value
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(LOG_LOGGER_NAME)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ScrapeError:
+    code: str
+    message: str
+    browser_started: bool = False
+    stage: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ScrapeRunResult:
+    success: bool
+    items: List[Dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=list)
+    stop_reason: Optional[str] = None
+    error: Optional[ScrapeError] = None
+
+
+StepCallback = Callable[[str], None]
+
+# 示例登录态 selector — 复制到新 skill 后必须用目标站点 F12/DOM 实测替换，禁止凭经验猜测或跨平台照抄
+LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS = (
+    "a[href*='/user/self']",
+    "[data-user-avatar]",
+    ".user-avatar",
+)
+LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR = "button:has-text('登录')"
+
+
+def format_stop_reason_for_user(stop_reason: str | None, collected_count: int) -> str:
+    """将内部 stop_reason 枚举翻译为用户可理解的中文说明。"""
+    if stop_reason == "max_items":
+        return (
+            f"已达到本次默认采集规模（{collected_count} 条）。"
+            "如需更多，可以继续说「继续采集更多」或「尽量多采集」。"
+        )
+    if stop_reason == "end_marker":
+        return "页面提示没有更多结果，本次采集已完成。"
+    if stop_reason == "no_new_rounds":
+        return "连续多次加载没有发现新结果，本次采集已完成。"
+    if stop_reason == "max_scrolls":
+        return (
+            "已达到本次页面加载保护范围，本次采集已完成。"
+            "如需更深度采集，可以说明「尽量多采集」。"
+        )
+    if stop_reason == "human_verification_timeout":
+        return "人工验证未在规定时间内完成，任务已停止。"
+    return "本次采集已完成。"
+
+
+def _mask_account_ref(account: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    for key in ("login_id", "phone", "mobile"):
+        raw = str(account.get(key) or "").strip()
+        if raw:
+            return mask_text(raw)
+    aid = account.get("id") or account.get("account_id")
+    if aid is not None:
+        return f"id:{aid}"
+    return "unknown"
+
+
+def _step_cb(cb: Optional[StepCallback], text: str) -> None:
+    if cb:
+        cb(text)
+
+
+async def _random_delay() -> None:
+    lo = int(os.getenv("RPA_STEP_DELAY_MIN_MS") or "900")
+    hi = int(os.getenv("RPA_STEP_DELAY_MAX_MS") or "2600")
+    await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(lo / 1000.0, hi / 1000.0))
+
+
+async def _scroll_wait() -> None:
+    await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(1.2, 3.5))
+
+
+def _headless() -> bool:
+    v = (os.getenv("OPENCLAW_BROWSER_HEADLESS") or "0").strip().lower()
+    return v in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")
+
+
+def _no_new_limit() -> int:
+    try:
+        return int(os.getenv("RPA_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT") or str(DEFAULT_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT))
+    except ValueError:
+        return DEFAULT_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT
+
+
+async def _visible(locator) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return await locator.count() > 0 and await locator.is_visible(timeout=500)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+async def _is_logged_out(page) -> bool:
+    try:
+        btn = page.locator(LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR).first
+        return await _visible(btn)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+async def _is_logged_in(page) -> bool:
+    if await _is_logged_out(page):
+        return False
+    for sel in LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS:
+        try:
+            loc = page.locator(sel).first
+            if await _visible(loc):
+                return True
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    return False
+
+
+async def _open_login_panel_if_needed(page) -> None:
+    if not await _is_logged_out(page):
+        return
+    try:
+        btn = page.locator(LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR).first
+        if await _visible(btn):
+            await btn.click()
+            await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(1.0, 3.0))
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+async def _ensure_logged_in(page, *, wait_sec: int) -> None:
+    if await _is_logged_in(page):
+        return
+
+    await _open_login_panel_if_needed(page)
+    if await _is_logged_in(page):
+        return
+
+    print(f"[登录] 请在浏览器中完成登录，最多等待 {wait_sec} 秒...")
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + wait_sec
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        if await _is_logged_in(page):
+            print("[登录] 检测到登录成功")
+            return
+        await asyncio.sleep(2.0)
+
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        f"ERROR:LOGIN_TIMEOUT 浏览器已打开，但未完成登录。"
+        f"请重新运行任务并在浏览器打开后及时完成登录。"
+    )
+
+
+async def _find_search_input(page) -> Tuple[Optional[Any], str]:
+    for sel in SEARCH_INPUT_SELECTORS:
+        try:
+            loc = page.locator(sel).first
+            if await _visible(loc):
+                return loc, sel
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+
+    candidates: List[Tuple[int, Any, str]] = []
+    try:
+        inputs = await page.locator("input").all()
+    except Exception:
+        inputs = []
+    for inp in inputs:
+        try:
+            if not await inp.is_visible():
+                continue
+            box = await inp.bounding_box()
+            if not box or box.get("width", 0) < 120:
+                continue
+            placeholder = await inp.get_attribute("placeholder") or ""
+            score = box.get("width", 0)
+            if "搜索" in placeholder:
+                score += 500
+            if box.get("y", 9999) < 200:
+                score += 200
+            candidates.append((score, inp, f"input placeholder={placeholder!r}"))
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    if candidates:
+        candidates.sort(key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)
+        _, inp, sel = candidates[0]
+        return inp, sel
+
+    try:
+        ph = page.get_by_placeholder(re.compile("搜索"))
+        if await ph.count() > 0 and await ph.first.is_visible():
+            return ph.first, "placeholder=搜索"
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return None, ""
+
+
+async def _find_search_button(page):
+    try:
+        btn = page.get_by_role("button", name="搜索")
+        if await btn.count() > 0 and await btn.first.is_visible():
+            return btn.first
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    try:
+        btn = page.locator(SEARCH_BUTTON_SELECTOR).first
+        if await btn.count() > 0 and await btn.is_visible():
+            return btn
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return None
+
+
+async def _wait_search_results(page, timeout_sec: float = 45.0) -> bool:
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout_sec
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        try:
+            url = page.url or ""
+            if "/search" in url or "search" in url.lower():
+                if await page.locator(RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR).count() > 0:
+                    return True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.8)
+    return False
+
+
+async def _has_end_marker(page) -> bool:
+    try:
+        container = page.locator(RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR).first
+        if await container.count() > 0:
+            text = await container.inner_text(timeout=2000)
+            if RESULT_END_TEXT in text or "暂时没有更多了" in text:
+                return True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    try:
+        if await page.locator(f"text={RESULT_END_TEXT}").count() > 0:
+            return True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return False
+
+
+async def _mouse_wheel_scroll(page) -> Tuple[str, int]:
+    wheel_delta = random.randint(650, 1200)
+    for sel in SCROLL_CONTAINER_SELECTORS:
+        loc = page.locator(sel)
+        try:
+            if await loc.count() > 0 and await loc.first.is_visible():
+                await loc.first.hover()
+                await _random_delay()
+                await page.mouse.wheel(0, wheel_delta)
+                return sel, wheel_delta
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    await page.mouse.wheel(0, wheel_delta)
+    return "page", wheel_delta
+
+
+async def _parse_item_locator(item) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    item_id = await item.get_attribute("data-item-id") or await item.get_attribute("id") or ""
+    title = ""
+    try:
+        title = (await item.inner_text(timeout=1000)).strip()[:200]
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return {
+        "item_id": item_id or title[:32] or str(id(item)),
+        "title": title,
+    }
+
+
+async def _collect_visible_items(page, seen_ids: set[str]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    new_items: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    try:
+        items = await page.locator(RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR).all()
+    except Exception:
+        items = []
+    for item in items:
+        try:
+            parsed = await _parse_item_locator(item)
+            item_id = parsed.get("item_id")
+            if not item_id or item_id in seen_ids:
+                continue
+            seen_ids.add(str(item_id))
+            new_items.append(parsed)
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    return new_items
+
+
+async def _count_visible_items(page) -> int:
+    try:
+        return await page.locator(RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR).count()
+    except Exception:
+        return 0
+
+
+def _fail_result(error: ScrapeError, *, collected: int = 0) -> ScrapeRunResult:
+    logger.warning(
+        "rpa_failed code=%s stage=%s message=%s collected=%s",
+        error.code,
+        error.stage,
+        error.message,
+        collected,
+    )
+    return ScrapeRunResult(success=False, error=error)
+
+
+def _fail_on_verification_timeout(
+    verification_timeout: HumanVerificationWaitResult,
+    *,
+    collected: int = 0,
+) -> ScrapeRunResult:
+    return _fail_result(
+        ScrapeError(
+            code=verification_timeout.code,
+            message=verification_timeout.message,
+            browser_started=True,
+            stage=verification_timeout.stage or "unknown",
+        ),
+        collected=collected,
+    )
+
+
+async def run_keyword_search_async(
+    account: Dict[str, Any],
+    keyword: str,
+    *,
+    max_items: int = DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    max_scrolls: int = DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    data_dir: str = "",
+    batch_id: str = "",
+    step_callback: Optional[StepCallback] = None,
+) -> ScrapeRunResult:
+    profile_dir = account.get("profile_dir") or ""
+    account_ref = _mask_account_ref(account)
+    wait_sec = int(os.getenv("HUMAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT") or str(HUMAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT))
+    no_new_limit = _no_new_limit()
+
+    logger.info(
+        "rpa_start keyword=%s max_items=%s max_scrolls=%s wait_sec=%s batch_id=%s account_ref=%s",
+        safe_log_value(keyword),
+        max_items,
+        max_scrolls,
+        wait_sec,
+        batch_id,
+        account_ref,
+    )
+
+    if not profile_dir:
+        err = ScrapeError(
+            "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND",
+            "账号缺少 profile_dir。",
+            browser_started=False,
+            stage="account_prepare",
+        )
+        return _fail_result(err)
+
+    pw = None
+    context = None
+    page = None
+    browser_started = False
+    collected_count = 0
+
+    try:
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "启动关键词搜索采集任务")
+        try:
+            pw, context, page = await start_browser_session(profile_dir, headless=_headless())
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            msg = str(exc)
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                "MISSING_BROWSER" if "MISSING_BROWSER" in msg else "UNKNOWN_ERROR",
+                msg.replace("ERROR:MISSING_BROWSER ", "").replace("ERROR:", ""),
+                browser_started="未能打开目标首页" in msg,
+                stage="browser_start" if "未能打开目标首页" in msg else "account_prepare",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err)
+        browser_started = True
+
+        logger.info(
+            "browser_ready start_url=%s current_url=%s profile_dir_exists=%s",
+            get_start_url(),
+            page.url,
+            os.path.isdir(profile_dir),
+        )
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "打开目标站点首页")
+        await _random_delay()
+
+        verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+            page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="browser_start"
+        )
+        if verification_timeout:
+            return _fail_on_verification_timeout(verification_timeout)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "检查账号登录状态")
+        logger.info("login_check_start current_url=%s", page.url)
+        try:
+            await _ensure_logged_in(page, wait_sec=wait_sec)
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            msg = str(exc)
+            code = "LOGIN_TIMEOUT" if "LOGIN_TIMEOUT" in msg else "REQUIRE_LOGIN"
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                code,
+                msg.replace("ERROR:LOGIN_TIMEOUT ", "").replace("ERROR:", ""),
+                browser_started=True,
+                stage="login_check",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err)
+        logger.info("login_check_done current_url=%s", page.url)
+
+        await wait_save_login_countdown_if_present(page)
+
+        verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+            page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="login_check"
+        )
+        if verification_timeout:
+            return _fail_on_verification_timeout(verification_timeout)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "定位搜索框")
+        search_input, input_selector = await _find_search_input(page)
+        if search_input is None:
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                "SEARCH_INPUT_NOT_FOUND",
+                "未找到搜索输入框。",
+                browser_started=True,
+                stage="search",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err)
+        logger.info("search_input_found selector=%s", input_selector)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, f"输入关键词：{keyword}")
+        await search_input.click()
+        await _random_delay()
+        await page.keyboard.press("Control+A")
+        await page.keyboard.type(keyword, delay=random.randint(90, 240))
+        await _random_delay()
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "点击搜索")
+        search_btn = await _find_search_button(page)
+        search_method = "button"
+        if search_btn is not None:
+            await search_btn.click()
+        else:
+            search_method = "enter"
+            await page.keyboard.press("Enter")
+        logger.info(
+            "search_submitted keyword=%s method=%s current_url=%s",
+            safe_log_value(keyword),
+            search_method,
+            page.url,
+        )
+        await _random_delay()
+
+        verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+            page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="search_verification"
+        )
+        if verification_timeout:
+            return _fail_on_verification_timeout(verification_timeout)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "等待搜索结果")
+        if not await _wait_search_results(page):
+            verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+                page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="search_results"
+            )
+            if verification_timeout:
+                return _fail_on_verification_timeout(verification_timeout)
+
+            if not await _wait_search_results(page, timeout_sec=10.0):
+                err = ScrapeError(
+                    "RESULT_CONTAINER_NOT_FOUND",
+                    "搜索结果未出现，且未检测到需要人工处理的验证码，请检查关键词或页面状态。",
+                    browser_started=True,
+                    stage="search",
+                )
+                return _fail_result(err)
+
+        container_count = await page.locator(RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR).count()
+        logger.info(
+            "search_results_ready current_url=%s container_count=%s",
+            page.url,
+            container_count,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            await page.locator(RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR).first.wait_for(state="visible", timeout=15_000)
+        except Exception:
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                "RESULT_CONTAINER_NOT_FOUND",
+                "搜索结果容器未出现。",
+                browser_started=True,
+                stage="search",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err)
+
+        seen_ids: set[str] = set()
+        collected: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+        no_new_rounds = 0
+        stop_reason = "max_scrolls"
+        rounds_executed = 0
+
+        for scroll_round in range(max_scrolls + 1):
+            rounds_executed = scroll_round
+            _step_cb(step_callback, "读取当前结果列表")
+            visible_count = await _count_visible_items(page)
+            batch = await _collect_visible_items(page, seen_ids)
+            new_count = len(batch)
+            if batch:
+                collected.extend(batch)
+                no_new_rounds = 0
+            else:
+                no_new_rounds += 1
+
+            collected_count = len(collected)
+            end_marker = await _has_end_marker(page)
+            logger.info(
+                "collect_round round=%s max_scrolls=%s visible_count=%s new_count=%s "
+                "collected=%s no_new_rounds=%s no_new_limit=%s end_marker=%s current_url=%s",
+                scroll_round,
+                max_scrolls,
+                visible_count,
+                new_count,
+                collected_count,
+                no_new_rounds,
+                no_new_limit,
+                end_marker,
+                page.url,
+            )
+
+            if len(collected) >= max_items:
+                collected = collected[:max_items]
+                stop_reason = "max_items"
+                break
+
+            if end_marker:
+                stop_reason = "end_marker"
+                _step_cb(step_callback, "发现结果到底或达到采集数量")
+                break
+
+            if no_new_rounds >= no_new_limit:
+                stop_reason = "no_new_rounds"
+                logger.info(
+                    "collect_no_new_stop round=%s no_new_rounds=%s no_new_limit=%s collected=%s",
+                    scroll_round,
+                    no_new_rounds,
+                    no_new_limit,
+                    collected_count,
+                )
+                break
+
+            if scroll_round >= max_scrolls:
+                break
+
+            _step_cb(step_callback, "滚动加载更多结果")
+            scroll_target, wheel_delta = await _mouse_wheel_scroll(page)
+            logger.info(
+                "scroll round=%s target=%s wheel_delta=%s",
+                scroll_round,
+                scroll_target,
+                wheel_delta,
+            )
+            await _scroll_wait()
+
+            verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+                page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="collect"
+            )
+            if verification_timeout:
+                return _fail_on_verification_timeout(
+                    verification_timeout,
+                    collected=collected_count,
+                )
+
+        logger.info(
+            "collect_stop reason=%s collected=%s rounds=%s no_new_rounds=%s",
+            stop_reason,
+            collected_count,
+            rounds_executed,
+            no_new_rounds,
+        )
+
+        if not collected:
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                "NO_RESULTS",
+                "未采集到任何结果。",
+                browser_started=True,
+                stage="collect",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err, collected=0)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "采集完成")
+        logger.info(
+            "rpa_success collected=%s stop_reason=%s",
+            len(collected[:max_items]),
+            stop_reason,
+        )
+        return ScrapeRunResult(success=True, items=collected[:max_items], stop_reason=stop_reason)
+
+    except Exception as exc:
+        err = ScrapeError(
+            "UNKNOWN_ERROR",
+            str(exc),
+            browser_started=browser_started,
+            stage="rpa",
+        )
+        return _fail_result(err, collected=collected_count)
+    finally:
+        await close_browser_context(pw, context)

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""轻量任务编排示例（无真实数据库依赖）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import uuid
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from service.account_client import AccountManagerError, pick_web_account, release_lease
+from service.task_rpa import (
+    ScrapeRunResult,
+    format_stop_reason_for_user,
+    run_keyword_search_async,
+)
+from util.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    SKILL_SLUG,
+    TARGET_PLATFORM,
+)
+
+
+def _error_payload(
+    code: str,
+    message: str,
+    *,
+    browser_started: Optional[bool] = None,
+    stage: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "success": False,
+        "error": {"code": code, "message": message},
+    }
+    if browser_started is not None:
+        payload["browser_started"] = browser_started
+    if stage:
+        payload["stage"] = stage
+    return payload
+
+
+def _success_payload(
+    *,
+    keyword: str,
+    collected_count: int,
+    items: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    stop_reason: Optional[str],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "skill": SKILL_SLUG,
+        "keyword": keyword,
+        "collected_count": collected_count,
+        "items": items,
+        "stop_reason": stop_reason,
+        "stop_reason_message": format_stop_reason_for_user(stop_reason, collected_count),
+    }
+
+
+async def run_keyword_search_task(
+    keyword: str,
+    *,
+    max_items: int = DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    max_scrolls: int = DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    account_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    platform: str = TARGET_PLATFORM,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    编排一次关键词搜索采集。
+
+    真实 skill 中还应：
+    - 写 SQLite 入库（items 表）
+    - 写 scrape_tasks / task_logs 任务日志
+    - 使用 RpaVideoSession 录制步骤留痕
+    - 失败时 capture_failure 截图
+    """
+    batch_id = uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]
+    data_dir = ""  # 示例占位；真实 skill 使用 get_skill_data_dir()
+    lease_token: Optional[str] = None
+    account: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None
+
+    try:
+        account = pick_web_account(platform, account_id)
+        lease_token = account.get("lease_token")
+
+        scrape_result: ScrapeRunResult = await run_keyword_search_async(
+            account,
+            keyword,
+            max_items=max_items,
+            max_scrolls=max_scrolls,
+            data_dir=data_dir,
+            batch_id=batch_id,
+        )
+
+        if not scrape_result.success:
+            err = scrape_result.error
+            return _error_payload(
+                err.code if err else "UNKNOWN_ERROR",
+                err.message if err else "未知错误",
+                browser_started=err.browser_started if err else True,
+                stage=err.stage if err else "rpa",
+            )
+
+        collected_count = len(scrape_result.items)
+        return _success_payload(
+            keyword=keyword,
+            collected_count=collected_count,
+            items=scrape_result.items[:10],
+            stop_reason=scrape_result.stop_reason,
+        )
+    except AccountManagerError as exc:
+        return _error_payload(
+            exc.code,
+            exc.message,
+            browser_started=False,
+            stage="account_prepare",
+        )
+    finally:
+        release_lease(lease_token)
+
+
+def run_keyword_search_task_sync(
+    keyword: str,
+    *,
+    max_items: int = DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    max_scrolls: int = DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    account_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    platform: str = TARGET_PLATFORM,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return asyncio.run(
+        run_keyword_search_task(
+            keyword,
+            max_items=max_items,
+            max_scrolls=max_scrolls,
+            account_id=account_id,
+            platform=platform,
+        )
+    )

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/util/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""示例常量（复制到新 skill 时请替换为目标站点与业务字段）。"""
+
+SKILL_SLUG = "example-real-browser-rpa"
+LOG_LOGGER_NAME = "openclaw.skill.example_real_browser_rpa"
+
+TARGET_PLATFORM = "target_platform"
+LEASE_HOLDER = "example-real-browser-rpa"
+LEASE_TTL_SEC = "1800"
+
+DEFAULT_START_URL = "https://example.com"
+DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS = 100
+DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS = 40
+DEFAULT_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT = 5
+HUMAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT = 180
+
+RESULT_END_TEXT = "没有更多结果了"
+
+# 示例 selector — 复制到新 skill 时按目标站点 DOM 替换
+SEARCH_INPUT_SELECTORS = (
+    'input[type="search"]',
+    'input[name="q"]',
+    'input[placeholder*="搜索"]',
+)
+SEARCH_BUTTON_SELECTOR = 'button:has-text("搜索")'
+RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR = "#search-result-container"
+RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR = "[data-result-item]"
+SCROLL_CONTAINER_SELECTORS = (
+    "#search-result-container",
+    ".search-result-scroll",
+    ".route-scroll-container",
+)

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/util/logging.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""示例结构化日志工具。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from util.constants import LOG_LOGGER_NAME
+
+
+def get_logger(name: str | None = None) -> logging.Logger:
+    return logging.getLogger(name or LOG_LOGGER_NAME)
+
+
+def mask_text(value: str, *, keep_start: int = 2, keep_end: int = 2) -> str:
+    s = (value or "").strip()
+    if len(s) >= 11 and s.isdigit():
+        return s[:3] + "****" + s[-4:]
+    if len(s) > keep_start + keep_end:
+        return s[:keep_start] + "****" + s[-keep_end:]
+    return "****"
+
+
+def safe_log_value(value: Any) -> str:
+    if value is None:
+        return ""
+    text = str(value)
+    if re.fullmatch(r"\d{7,}", text):
+        return mask_text(text)
+    if "@" in text and len(text) > 6:
+        local, _, domain = text.partition("@")
+        return f"{mask_text(local, keep_start=1, keep_end=1)}@{domain}"
+    return text

examples/real_browser_rpa/tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""pytest 路径配置：将 examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts 加入 import 路径。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+SCRIPTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "scripts"
+if str(SCRIPTS) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(SCRIPTS))

examples/real_browser_rpa/tests/test_human_verification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""人工验证检测单元测试（DOM 精准检测，不依赖真实浏览器）。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import time
+import unittest
+
+from service.human_verification import (
+    HumanVerificationWaitResult,
+    detect_human_verification,
+    detect_human_verification_from_text,
+    wait_human_verification_if_present,
+    wait_save_login_countdown_if_present,
+)
+
+
+SLIDER_HTML = """
+<div class="vc-captcha-verify slide">
+  <div class="captcha_verify_bar--title">请完成下列验证后继续</div>
+  <div class="captcha-slider-tips">按住左边按钮拖动完成上方拼图</div>
+</div>
+"""
+
+SMS_HTML = """
+<div class="second-verify-panel">
+  <div class="uc-ui-verify_sms-input">
+    <div class="uc-ui-verify-new_header-title">短信验证</div>
+    <input placeholder="手机号" />
+    <input placeholder="请输入验证码" />
+    <button>获取验证码</button>
+  </div>
+</div>
+"""
+
+SEARCH_RESULTS_HTML = """
+<div id="search-result-container">
+  <div data-result-item="1">RPA 滑块验证码识别教程</div>
+  <div data-result-item="2">短信验证码自动化</div>
+</div>
+"""
+
+
+class MockLocator:
+    def __init__(self, selector: str, visible: set[str], texts: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        self._selector = selector
+        self._visible = visible
+        self._texts = texts
+
+    @property
+    def first(self) -> MockLocator:
+        return self
+
+    async def is_visible(self, timeout: int = 500) -> bool:
+        return self._selector in self._visible
+
+    async def inner_text(self, timeout: int = 1000) -> str:
+        return self._texts.get(self._selector, "")
+
+    async def count(self) -> int:
+        return 1 if self._selector in self._visible else 0
+
+
+class MockPage:
+    def __init__(self, visible: set[str], texts: dict[str, str] | None = None) -> None:
+        self._visible = visible
+        self._texts = texts or {}
+
+    def locator(self, selector: str) -> MockLocator:
+        return MockLocator(selector, self._visible, self._texts)
+
+
+class TestHumanVerificationFromText(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_slider_dom_detect(self) -> None:
+        state = detect_human_verification_from_text(SLIDER_HTML)
+        self.assertTrue(state.present)
+        self.assertEqual(state.kind, "slider")
+        self.assertTrue(state.selector)
+
+    def test_sms_dom_detect(self) -> None:
+        state = detect_human_verification_from_text(SMS_HTML)
+        self.assertTrue(state.present)
+        self.assertEqual(state.kind, "sms")
+        self.assertTrue(state.selector)
+
+    def test_search_results_not_misclassified(self) -> None:
+        state = detect_human_verification_from_text(SEARCH_RESULTS_HTML)
+        self.assertFalse(state.present)
+
+    def test_body_keywords_without_dom_not_misclassified(self) -> None:
+        text = "RPA 滑块验证码识别教程\n短信验证码自动化"
+        state = detect_human_verification_from_text(text)
+        self.assertFalse(state.present)
+
+
+class TestHumanVerificationDomDetect(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_slider_dom_visible(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(
+            {".vc-captcha-verify.slide"},
+            {".vc-captcha-verify.slide": "请完成下列验证后继续"},
+        )
+        state = asyncio.run(detect_human_verification(page))
+        self.assertTrue(state.present)
+        self.assertEqual(state.kind, "slider")
+        self.assertEqual(state.selector, ".vc-captcha-verify.slide")
+
+    def test_sms_dom_visible(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(
+            {".second-verify-panel"},
+            {".second-verify-panel": "短信验证 获取验证码"},
+        )
+        state = asyncio.run(detect_human_verification(page))
+        self.assertTrue(state.present)
+        self.assertEqual(state.kind, "sms")
+
+    def test_no_verification_when_empty(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(set())
+        state = asyncio.run(detect_human_verification(page))
+        self.assertFalse(state.present)
+
+
+class TestSaveLoginCountdown(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_wait_not_present_no_delay(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(set())
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        result = asyncio.run(wait_save_login_countdown_if_present(page, timeout_sec=8))
+        elapsed = time.monotonic() - start
+        self.assertFalse(result)
+        self.assertLess(elapsed, 1.0)
+
+
+class TestHumanVerificationWait(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_wait_timeout_slider_dom(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(
+            {".vc-captcha-verify.slide"},
+            {".vc-captcha-verify.slide": "请完成下列验证后继续"},
+        )
+        result = asyncio.run(
+            wait_human_verification_if_present(page, wait_sec=1, stage="search_verification")
+        )
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, HumanVerificationWaitResult)
+        self.assertTrue(result.timed_out)
+        self.assertEqual(result.code, "SLIDER_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT")
+        self.assertIn("滑块验证码未在 1 秒内完成", result.message)
+        self.assertEqual(result.stage, "search_verification")
+
+    def test_wait_timeout_sms_dom(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(
+            {".second-verify-panel"},
+            {".second-verify-panel": "短信验证 获取验证码"},
+        )
+        result = asyncio.run(
+            wait_human_verification_if_present(page, wait_sec=1, stage="login_check")
+        )
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, HumanVerificationWaitResult)
+        self.assertTrue(result.timed_out)
+        self.assertEqual(result.code, "SMS_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT")
+        self.assertEqual(result.stage, "login_check")
+
+    def test_collect_no_verification_immediate_none(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(set())
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        err = asyncio.run(wait_human_verification_if_present(page, wait_sec=180, stage="collect"))
+        elapsed = time.monotonic() - start
+        self.assertIsNone(err)
+        self.assertLess(elapsed, 1.0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

examples/real_browser_rpa/tests/test_stop_reason.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""stop_reason 用户友好文案单元测试。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import unittest
+
+from service.task_rpa import format_stop_reason_for_user
+
+
+class TestFormatStopReasonForUser(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_max_items(self) -> None:
+        msg = format_stop_reason_for_user("max_items", 100)
+        self.assertIn("默认采集规模", msg)
+        self.assertIn("100", msg)
+
+    def test_end_marker(self) -> None:
+        msg = format_stop_reason_for_user("end_marker", 42)
+        self.assertIn("没有更多结果", msg)
+
+    def test_no_new_rounds(self) -> None:
+        msg = format_stop_reason_for_user("no_new_rounds", 30)
+        self.assertIn("连续多次加载没有发现新结果", msg)
+
+    def test_max_scrolls(self) -> None:
+        msg = format_stop_reason_for_user("max_scrolls", 80)
+        self.assertIn("页面加载保护范围", msg)
+
+    def test_none_or_unknown(self) -> None:
+        self.assertEqual(format_stop_reason_for_user(None, 10), "本次采集已完成。")
+        self.assertEqual(format_stop_reason_for_user("unknown", 10), "本次采集已完成。")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()