chore: auto release commit (2026-06-15 17:32:47)

.gitignore

@@ -2,3 +2,9 @@ __pycache__/
 *.py[cod]
 .env
 *.env.local
+.pytest_cache/
+.coverage
+htmlcov/
+dist/
+build/
+*.egg-info/

development/ADAPTER.md

@@ -51,7 +51,13 @@ scripts/service/<domain>_adapter/
   real_rpa.py        # 真实系统 RPA（占位，谨慎实现）
 ```
 
-模板示例：`scripts/service/example_adapter/`（复制改名即用）。
+模板示例：
+
+- **四档骨架（占位）**：`scripts/service/example_adapter/` — 复制改名后补齐业务 adapter
+- **仿真浏览器 RPA 完整案例**：`examples/simulator_browser_rpa/` — mock + simulator_rpa + sandbox 页面 + 测试
+- **真实浏览器 RPA 完整案例**：`examples/real_browser_rpa/` — 登录/验证码/滚动采集
+
+> 先判断属于四象限哪一种（`real_browser_rpa` / `real_api` / `simulator_browser_rpa` / `simulator_api`），再读对应 `examples/*/README.md`。示例是**参考架构与边界**，不是业务代码原样复制。
 
 ## 档位 dispatch
 
@@ -92,15 +98,29 @@ def get_adapter():
 依赖 account-manager 或其他兄弟技能时：
 
 1. 在 `SKILL.md` 的 `metadata.openclaw.dependencies.required` 声明。
-2. 调用兄弟技能走统一 **`service.sibling_bridge`**（`call_sibling_json`），**不要**在 service 层散落 `subprocess.run`。
+2. **普通兄弟技能调用**，优先走统一 **`service.sibling_bridge`**（`call_sibling_json`），**不要**在 `task_service.py`、`task_rpa.py` 等业务流程文件中到处散落 `subprocess.run`。
-3. **lease 必须 release**（account-manager 租约）；进程被 kill 后可能残留 lease，需在运维文档说明排查方式（查 account-manager lease 列表 / 手动释放）。
+3. **account-manager 账号/租约能力**是例外：可参考 `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/account_client.py`，封装为**单一** `account_client.py`；允许在该文件内部集中通过 subprocess 调 account-manager CLI。
+4. **不允许**直接 `import account-manager` 的内部 Python 模块（如 `service/`、`util/`、`db/`）。
+5. **pick lease 后必须 `finally release lease`**；进程被 kill 后可能残留 lease，需在运维文档说明排查方式（查 account-manager lease 列表 / 手动释放）。
 
 ```python
+# 普通兄弟技能 — 走 sibling_bridge
 from service.sibling_bridge import call_sibling_json
 
 result = call_sibling_json("account-manager", ["list", "--limit", "10"])
 ```
 
+```python
+# account-manager 账号/租约 — 集中在 account_client.py
+from service.account_client import pick_web_account, release_lease
+
+account = pick_web_account(platform="target_platform")
+try:
+    ...
+finally:
+    release_lease(account.get("lease_token"))
+```
+
 ## 相关文档
 
 - `RPA.md` — 三端 RPA 技术选型与拟人/反反爬范式

development/DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -161,8 +161,17 @@ scripts/
 
 1. **先读三份标准**：`RPA.md`（三端范式与反反爬）、`CONFIG.md`（`.env` 落盘与读取）、`ADAPTER.md`（四档 adapter）。
 2. **从模板复制骨架**：
-   - `scripts/service/example_adapter/` → 改名为 `scripts/service/<domain>_adapter/`
+   - `scripts/service/example_adapter/` → 改名为 `scripts/service/<domain>_adapter/`（仅 adapter 四档骨架，**不等同于**真实浏览器 RPA 成功案例）
-   - 参考 `scripts/service/example_browser_rpa.py` 写浏览器会话逻辑
+   - 若是 **真实浏览器 RPA**（真实网站、登录态、验证码、滚动采集），**必须先读** `examples/real_browser_rpa/README.md`，再按需参考：
+     - `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/browser_session.py`
+     - `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/human_verification.py`
+     - `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_rpa.py`
+     - `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/account_client.py`
+   - 若是 **仿真浏览器 RPA**（自有 sandbox、表单批量提交、可控 DOM），**必须先读** `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/README.md`，再按需参考：
+     - `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/browser_session.py`
+     - `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/adapter/`
+     - `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_service.py`
+     - `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/sandbox/demo_app.html`
 3. **只用共享库，不在 skill 里重写反反爬**：
    ```python
    from jiangchang_skill_core import config

development/REQUIREMENTS.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 - 一个 skill 对应一份主需求文档
 - 需求先写清楚，再进入开发
 - 文档描述“要做什么”和“做到什么程度”，不要在这里堆实现细节
-- 实现方式、代码结构、发布流程，分别放到 `DEVELOPMENT.md`、`CLI.md`、`SCHEMA.md`、`RUNTIME.md`
+- 实现方式、代码结构、发布流程，分别放到 `DEVELOPMENT.md`、`references/`、`development/` 下的技术规范
 
 如果你是从 `skill-template` 复制新技能，请复制本文件后，把下面所有占位内容替换成你的真实项目内容。
 
@@ -21,46 +21,39 @@
 
 模板写法：
 
-- 本文档用于明确 `【技能名称】` 的研发范围、交付标准、依赖关系和验收要求。
+- 本文档用于明确 `your-skill-slug` 的研发范围、交付标准、依赖关系和验收要求。
 - 技术人员应以本文件作为开发范围依据，以避免实现偏差、范围蔓延或理解不一致。
 
-示例：
-
-- 本文档用于明确 `your-skill-slug`（示例：`disburse-payroll-icbc`）的研发范围、交付标准、依赖关系和验收要求。
-
 ## 2. 业务背景
 
 说明为什么要做这个 skill，它服务什么业务场景，解决什么实际问题。
 
 模板写法：
 
-- 当前业务场景中，用户需要在 `【目标平台】` 完成 `【业务动作】`。
+- 当前用户在 `<业务场景>` 中需要反复处理 `<输入数据>`，人工操作耗时且易错。
-- 现有流程主要依赖人工处理，存在 `【效率低 / 容易出错 / 不可批量 / 不可追踪】` 等问题。
+- 现有流程主要依赖人工处理，存在 `<效率低 / 容易出错 / 不可批量 / 不可追踪>` 等问题。
-- 因此需要开发 `【技能名称】`，将该流程标准化、自动化，并接入匠厂技能体系中。
+- 因此需要开发 `your-skill-slug`，用于自动完成 `<核心动作>`，输出 `<输出结果>`，并写入 `task_logs` 便于追踪。
 
-示例：
+填写提示：
 
-- 当前财务团队需要将工资代发批次与银行接口对账，人工导出表格、核对差异耗时且易错。
+- `<业务场景>`：例如“每日批量导入外部系统结果”“Agent 触发的单次查询”
-- 因此需要开发 `disburse-payroll-icbc`，用于自动拉取代发结果、写入任务日志 `task_logs` 并输出对账摘要，支持审计追踪。
+- `<输入数据>`：例如“关键词列表”“批次 ID”“账号标识”
+- `<核心动作>`：例如“调用 adapter 提交”“采集并入库”“对账摘要生成”
+- `<输出结果>`：例如“结构化 JSON”“任务摘要”“本地 SQLite 记录”
 
 ## 3. 开发目标
 
 说明本次开发希望最终交付什么结果。
 
-模板写法：
+模板写法（按 skill 类型勾选/改写）：
 
-- 完成 `【技能名称】` 的标准目录结构搭建
+- 解析并校验 `<输入数据>` 的关键字段
-- 完成 CLI 入口与基础命令
+- 通过 adapter 完成 mock / simulator / real 档位下的 `<核心动作>`
-- 完成核心业务流程
+- 输出结构化结果（stdout JSON 或固定文本 + 机读字段）
-- 完成与兄弟技能或外部系统的必要集成
+- 写入 `task_logs`（及必要的业务表，见 `references/SCHEMA.md`）
-- 完成正式环境发布验证
+- 支持失败可诊断（稳定错误码、`ERROR:` 前缀、必要截图/日志）
-
+- 完成 CLI 入口与 `health` / `version` 最小可运行验证
-示例：
+- 完成正式环境发布与安装验证（如适用）
-
-- 完成 `your-skill-slug` 的标准 skill 结构建设
-- 提供 `health`、`version`、`run`、`logs`、`log-get` 等命令
-- 支持对接银行 / 薪酬系统 API（示例），并记录任务执行结果
-- 支持写入任务日志 `task_logs`，并可在正式环境中安装验证
 
 ## 4. 功能范围
 
@@ -68,219 +61,123 @@
 
 模板写法：
 
-- 支持 `【命令1】`
+- 支持 `<命令1>`（如 `run`）
-- 支持 `【命令2】`
+- 支持 `<命令2>`（如 `logs` / `log-get`）
-- 支持读取 `【数据来源】`
+- 支持读取 `<数据来源>`（兄弟 skill / 本地 DB / 外部 API）
-- 支持执行 `【核心业务动作】`
+- 支持执行 `<核心业务动作>`
-- 支持记录 `【日志 / 状态 / 结果】`
+- 支持记录 `<日志 / 状态 / 结果>`
 
 建议将功能拆成“必须实现”和“可后续扩展”。
 
-示例：
-
 ### 必须实现
 
 - 支持 `python scripts/main.py health`
 - 支持 `python scripts/main.py version`
-- 支持 `python scripts/main.py run`
+- 支持 `python scripts/main.py <your-main-command>`
-- 支持从 `some-sibling-skill` 读取批次元数据（如需要）
+- 支持核心业务编排（HTTP / 批处理 / 可选 RPA，按四档 adapter 选型）
-- 支持执行核心业务编排（HTTP / 批处理 / 可选 RPA）
 - 支持写入任务日志（`task_logs`）
 
 ### 可后续扩展
 
 - 支持定时批跑
 - 支持失败自动重试
-- 支持多目标轮询
+- 支持多 `<目标系统>` 轮询
 
 ## 5. 非功能要求
 
 说明除功能外，对稳定性、可维护性、目录规范、日志、编码等方面的要求。
 
-模板写法：
+- 目录结构必须符合当前 `skill-template` 规范
-
-- 目录结构必须符合当前 skill 模板规范
 - 入口必须统一为 `scripts/main.py`
-- 输出格式应尽量机读友好
+- 用户说明写在根 `README.md`；LLM/运行契约写在 `SKILL.md`；开发规范在 `development/`
-- 错误前缀统一为 `ERROR:`
+- 输出格式应尽量机读友好；错误前缀统一为 `ERROR:`
 - Windows 环境下需保证 UTF-8 输出兼容
-- 必须具备基本日志能力
+- 必须具备基本日志能力；敏感字段脱敏
-
+- RPA 类 skill：Playwright 由宿主共享 runtime 提供；技能侧不要 `playwright install`；URL 不要放进 `launch_persistent_context` 的 `args`
-示例：
-
-- 项目结构必须对齐 `skill-template`
-- CLI 入口统一使用 `scripts/main.py`
-- 关键执行结果应可通过 JSON 或固定文本结构返回
-- 任务日志必须可追踪（`task_logs`）
-- 不允许重新引入旧模板中的 `docs/`、`optional/` 或 `scripts/skill_main.py`
 
 ## 6. 输入输出要求
 
-说明这个 skill 接收什么输入，产出什么输出。
-
-模板写法：
-
 ### 输入
 
-- `【输入参数1】`
+填写本 skill 实际接受的参数与数据来源：
-- `【输入参数2】`
+
-- `【依赖系统返回的数据】`
+- `<参数名>`：含义、是否必填、默认值
+- `<依赖系统>` 返回的结构化数据（如有）
+- 环境变量 / `.env` 中的关键配置（引用 `CONFIG.md`）
 
 ### 输出
 
-- `【标准输出】`
+- 成功结果（stdout / JSON 字段说明）
-- `【错误输出】`
+- 错误输出（`ERROR:` 稳定码 + 中文 message）
-- `【数据库记录】`
+- 数据库记录（表名、关键字段，见 `references/SCHEMA.md`）
-- `【日志文件】`
+- 可选：RPA 截图/视频路径（artifacts）
-
-示例：
-
-### 输入
-
-- `target_id`：可选，指定任务目标（账号 / 客户 / 平台）
-- `input_id`：可选，指定输入批次或记录
-- 兄弟技能返回的结构化数据（如有）
-
-### 输出
-
-- 成功结果（stdout / JSON）
-- 错误输出（`ERROR:` / `FAIL:`）
-- 在本地数据库写入 `task_logs`
-- 在日志目录中写入执行日志
 
 ## 7. 依赖的兄弟技能或外部系统
 
-说明开发该 skill 时依赖哪些内部技能或外部平台。
-
-模板写法：
-
 ### 兄弟技能依赖
 
-- `【skill-a】`：作用是 `【用途】`
+- `<sibling-skill-slug>`：`<用途>`（例如 account-manager 提供 profile_dir / 租约）
-- `【skill-b】`：作用是 `【用途】`
 
 ### 外部系统依赖
 
-- `【平台名】`：作用是 `【用途】`
+- `<目标系统>`：`<用途>`（HTTP API / 仿真 sandbox / 真实网页）
-- `【浏览器 / API / 第三方服务】`：作用是 `【用途】`
+- 浏览器（如适用）：系统 Chrome/Edge，非 Playwright 内置 Chromium
+- Gitea / 匠厂客户端：发布与正式环境验证
 
 ### Python 包依赖（requirements.txt）
 
 - 本技能若需**特有** Python 三方包，写入根目录 `requirements.txt`。
 - `jiangchang-platform-kit`、`playwright` 等公共能力由宿主共享 runtime 提供，**不要**写入技能 requirements。
-- `SKILL.md` 的 `platform_kit_min_version` 是运行契约/兼容性声明，供宿主校验，**不是** pip 依赖声明。
+- `SKILL.md` 的 `platform_kit_min_version` 是运行契约/兼容性声明，**不是** pip 依赖声明。
-- 匠厂宿主安装/更新技能后，会将技能 requirements 安装到 `{JIANGCHANG_DATA_ROOT}/python-runtime/.venv`。
 - 版本须尽量收窄（如 `requests>=2.31.0,<3`），避免共享 venv 冲突。
-- **不要**把系统运行时组件（如 Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable）写进 requirements.txt。
+- **不要**把系统运行时组件写进 requirements.txt；在 `health` / preflight 中检测并提示。
-
-### 系统运行时前置条件（preflight / health）
-
-- 若依赖 Windows 原生 DLL、本机浏览器 channel 等**系统级**能力，在 `health` / preflight 中检测并提示用户自行安装。
-- 此类依赖**不**通过 pip / requirements.txt 由宿主自动安装。
-
-示例：
-
-### 兄弟技能依赖
-
-- `some-sibling-skill`：提供主数据或凭证索引（按业务填写）
-
-### 外部系统依赖
-
-- 银行 / 政务 HTTP API（示例）：核心外部接口
-- Chromium / Chrome / Edge（可选）：用于浏览器自动化
-- Gitea：用于代码托管和发布工作流
-- 匠厂客户端：用于正式环境安装与验证
 
 ## 8. 不在本次范围内的内容
 
-这一节非常重要，用来明确本次“不做什么”，避免研发越做越散。
+明确本次“不做什么”，避免范围蔓延：
 
-模板写法：
+- 本次不实现 `<功能A>`
-
+- 本次不处理 `<平台B>` / `<档位>`
-- 本次不实现 `【功能A】`
+- 本次不做 `<高级能力>`
-- 本次不处理 `【平台B】`
+- 本次不兼容旧模板历史结构（`docs/`、`optional/`、`skill_main.py` 等）
-- 本次不做 `【高级能力】`
-- 本次不兼容 `【旧结构 / 旧逻辑】`
-
-示例：
-
-- 本次不实现多租户隔离之外的附加报表
-- 本次不实现实时流式处理
-- 本次不实现自动重试机制
-- 本次不兼容旧模板中的历史目录结构
 
 ## 9. 验收标准
 
-说明什么情况下才算真正开发完成。
+什么情况下才算开发完成：
-
-模板写法：
-
-- 代码结构符合模板规范
-- 最小命令可运行
-- 核心命令可运行
-- 正式环境可安装
-- 匠厂中可看到最新版本
-- 可以在新建任务中实际使用
-
-示例：
 
+- 代码结构符合模板规范；`SKILL.md` slug 与 `constants.SKILL_SLUG` 一致
 - `health`、`version` 命令执行正常
-- `run` 主流程可运行
+- 主命令（如 `run`）在 mock / simulator 档位可重复验证
-- 发布后 Gitea 工作流成功
-- 匠厂技能市场能看到最新版本
-- skill 可以正常安装
-- 安装后可在“新建任务”中调用
-
-**测试与日志相关验收（所有新 skill 必须满足）**：
-
 - `python tests/run_tests.py -v` 必跑测试全部通过
-- 任务日志（task_logs）写入和查询符合预期
+- `task_logs` 写入和查询符合 `references/SCHEMA.md`
-- 真实联调（如有）已在 tests/integration/ 中验证，且默认套件不包含真实外联
+- 真实联调（如有）放在 `tests/integration/`，且默认套件不包含真实外联
+- 发布后 Gitea 工作流成功；匠厂技能市场可见最新版本；安装后可在“新建任务”中调用
 
 ## 10. 开发注意事项
 
-说明研发过程中必须特别注意的事项。
+- 只修改当前 skill 仓库，不要改动无关兄弟项目
-
+- 先判断四象限类型（`real_browser_rpa` / `real_api` / `simulator_browser_rpa` / `simulator_api`），再读对应 `examples/*/README.md`
-模板写法：
+- `cli` 只做参数解析；核心逻辑在 `service`；兄弟 skill 调用集中封装（见 `ADAPTER.md`）
-
+- 发布前完成本地验证、工作流验证和正式环境安装验证
-- 不要修改无关 skill
-- 不要破坏现有模板规范
-- 优先遵守目录和分层约定
-- 不要在 CLI 层堆业务逻辑
-- 发布前必须先做本地最小验证
-
-示例：
-
-- 只允许修改当前 skill 仓库，不要改动其他兄弟项目
-- 如使用浏览器自动化，优先复用已验证过的定位器和流程
-- `cli` 只做参数解析，核心逻辑统一放到 `service`
-- 发布前必须完成本地验证、工作流验证和正式环境安装验证
 
 ## 11. 变更记录
 
-这一节用于记录需求文档本身的变化，不是 git 提交记录的替代，而是给技术人员看“需求范围怎么变了”。
-
-模板写法：
-
 | 日期 | 版本 | 变更人 | 变更内容 |
 |------|------|--------|----------|
-| 2026-04-13 | v1.0 | 张三 | 初版需求文档 |
+| YYYY-MM-DD | v1.0 | `<姓名>` | 初版需求文档 |
-| 2026-04-14 | v1.1 | 李四 | 增加正式环境验收要求 |
 
 ---
 
 ## 建议使用方式
 
-建议每个新 skill 开发时，按下面顺序使用文档：
-
 1. 先写 `REQUIREMENTS.md`
 2. 再按 `DEVELOPMENT.md` 进入开发
-3. 开发过程中补充 `CLI.md`、`SCHEMA.md`、`RUNTIME.md`、`TESTING.md`
+3. 开发过程中补充 `references/CLI.md`、`references/SCHEMA.md` 及 `development/` 技术规范
-4. 发布前回到 `REQUIREMENTS.md` 对照验收标准逐项检查
+4. 发布前对照第 9 节验收标准逐项检查
 
 ## 最小模板示例
 
-下面给出一个可直接参考的简化版示例：
+下面给出一个可直接参考的简化版（复制后替换占位符）：
 
 ```md
 # REQUIREMENTS
@@ -291,66 +188,61 @@
 
 ## 2. 业务背景
 
-采购审计需要将政府采购公告结构化归档；人工复制粘贴效率低，需要可追溯的任务日志。
+当前用户在 `<业务场景>` 中需要反复处理 `<输入数据>`，人工操作耗时且易错。
+因此需要开发 `your-skill-slug`，自动完成 `<核心动作>`，输出 `<输出结果>`，并写入 task_logs。
 
 ## 3. 开发目标
 
-- 完成 `your-skill-slug` 的标准 skill 结构
+- 解析并校验输入
-- 支持核心业务批处理 / HTTP 对接主流程
+- 通过 adapter 完成 mock / simulator / real 档位动作
-- 支持任务日志记录（task_logs）
+- 输出结构化结果并写入 task_logs
+- 支持失败可诊断
 
 ## 4. 功能范围
 
-- 支持 `health`
+- 支持 health / version / run
-- 支持 `version`
+- 支持 logs / log-get
-- 支持 `run`
-- 支持查询任务日志（logs / log-get）
 
 ## 5. 非功能要求
 
-- 入口统一为 `scripts/main.py`
+- 入口统一为 scripts/main.py
-- 保持 UTF-8 输出
+- 保持 UTF-8 输出；结构符合 skill-template
-- 结构符合 skill 模板规范
 
 ## 6. 输入输出要求
 
 ### 输入
 
-- `target_id`
+- target_id、input_id（按业务定义）
-- `input_id`
 
 ### 输出
 
-- 成功结果
+- 成功 JSON / 摘要
-- 错误信息
+- ERROR: 稳定错误码
 - task_logs 记录
 
 ## 7. 依赖的兄弟技能或外部系统
 
-- （按需填写兄弟 skill）
+- `<sibling-skill>`（按需）
-- 政务公告站点 HTTP API（示例）
+- `<目标系统>` API 或 sandbox
 
 ## 8. 不在本次范围内的内容
 
-- 不实现浏览器可视化回放（如需另行立项）
 - 不实现自动重试
+- 不实现 `<本次不做>` 
 
 ## 9. 验收标准
 
-- 命令可运行
+- 命令可运行；tests/run_tests.py -v 通过
-- `python tests/run_tests.py -v` 全部通过
+- task_logs 符合 SCHEMA
-- task_logs 写入符合 SCHEMA 约定
+- 正式环境安装验证通过
-- 能完成正式环境安装验证
-- 能在新建任务中使用
 
 ## 10. 开发注意事项
 
-- 不修改无关项目
+- 不修改无关项目；不引入旧模板结构
-- 不引入旧模板结构
 
 ## 11. 变更记录
 
 | 日期 | 版本 | 变更人 | 变更内容 |
 |------|------|--------|----------|
-| 2026-04-13 | v1.0 | 张三 | 初版 |
+| YYYY-MM-DD | v1.0 | 张三 | 初版 |
 ```

development/RPA.md

@@ -63,11 +63,26 @@
 
 ### 1.2 页面启动标准
 
-优先级（高 → 低）：
+**`launch_persistent_context` 的 `args` 只能放 Chrome 启动参数**（例如 `--start-maximized`、`--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled` 等）。
 
-1. **launch args `start_url`**：浏览器启动即打开目标首页（推荐生产路径）。
+**绝对不要把 `https://...` 这类 URL 放进 `args`。** 否则 Playwright 会报错：
-2. **profile preferences**：作为兜底（例如 homepage / startup URLs）。
+
-3. **程序化导航 `page.goto`**：仅最后兜底；强风控站点慎用裸 `goto` 深链。
+```
+BrowserType.launch_persistent_context: Arguments can not specify page to be opened
+```
+
+**正确做法（生产路径）：**
+
+1. `launch_persistent_context(user_data_dir=profile_dir, executable_path=chrome, args=chrome_args, ...)`
+2. `page = await context.new_page()`
+3. `await page.goto(start_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=60000)`
+
+对强风控站点，如果需要更拟人，可以启动后通过**地址栏输入 / 真实点击进入**目标页，但**仍然不能把 URL 塞进 launch args**。
+
+完整参考实现见：
+
+- `examples/real_browser_rpa/README.md`（**开发真实浏览器 RPA 类 skill 时必须先读**）
+- `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/browser_session.py`
 
 **生产路径不要依赖 CDP 接管现有页面**；CDP 仅用于诊断或桌面宿主已打开浏览器的场景。
 
@@ -78,7 +93,11 @@
 - 检测到风控页（URL/DOM 特征）→ 抛 `ERROR:CAPTCHA_NEED_HUMAN`，轮询等待或超时，**不要强行绕过平台安全机制**。
 - **不要自动操作滑块**。
 
-> 共享库：`jiangchang_skill_core.rpa.wait_for_captcha_pass`；参考 `scripts/service/example_browser_rpa.py`。
+> 共享库：`jiangchang_skill_core.rpa.wait_for_captcha_pass`；**真实浏览器 RPA 成功案例**见 `examples/real_browser_rpa/`：
+>
+> - 先读 `examples/real_browser_rpa/README.md`
+> - 再参考 `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/human_verification.py`
+> - 再参考 `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_rpa.py`
 
 ### 1.4 安装
 
@@ -108,7 +127,31 @@ from jiangchang_skill_core.rpa.stealth import stealth_enabled, STEALTH_INIT_SCRI
 - `RpaVideoSession` 来自 platform-kit **>= 1.0.14**；ffmpeg、背景音乐、media-assets 由 platform-kit 统一解析；已提供前置/后置缓冲、字幕、TTS 旁白、背景音乐循环、结尾淡出。
 - `health` 对上述资源做只读诊断，不下载、不修复。
 
-完整示例见 `scripts/service/example_browser_rpa.py` 与 `scripts/service/example_adapter/sim_rpa.py`。
+### 1.5 真实浏览器 RPA 示例（必读）
+
+开发**真实网站 + 浏览器操作 + 登录态/验证码/滚动采集**类 skill 时：
+
+1. **必须先阅读** `examples/real_browser_rpa/README.md`
+2. 再参考以下代码：
+   - `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/browser_session.py` — persistent context 启动
+   - `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/human_verification.py` — 人工验证等待
+   - `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_rpa.py` — RPA 主流程
+   - `examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/account_client.py` — account-manager CLI 封装
+
+模板内 adapter 仿真示例（`scripts/service/example_adapter/sim_rpa.py`）仅用于 **adapter 四档骨架**，不能替代真实浏览器 RPA 规范。
+
+### 1.6 仿真浏览器 RPA 示例（必读）
+
+开发**自有仿真页面 / sandbox / 可控 DOM 的浏览器 RPA**（表单填写、批量提交、弹窗确认）时：
+
+1. **必须先阅读** `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/README.md`
+2. 再参考：
+   - `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/browser_session.py`
+   - `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/adapter/`（base / mock / simulator_rpa / dispatch）
+   - `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_service.py`
+   - `examples/simulator_browser_rpa/sandbox/demo_app.html`
+
+> **先选类型再写代码**：真实第三方网站 → `real_browser_rpa`；自有 sandbox → `simulator_browser_rpa`。不要跨类型照抄 selector 或业务流程。
 
 ---
 

examples/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Skill Template Examples
+
+四类 adapter 示例（先选类型，再写代码；**不要跨类型照抄**）：
+
+| 目录 | 类型 | 状态 | 适用场景 |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| real_browser_rpa | 真实浏览器 RPA | **已有案例** | 真实第三方网站、登录态、人工验证、滚动采集 |
+| simulator_browser_rpa | 仿真浏览器 RPA | **已有案例** | 自有 sandbox、可控页面、表单 RPA、端到端教学/回归 |
+| real_api | 真实 API | 占位，后续补案例 | 真实系统接口、token、权限、限流 |
+| simulator_api | 仿真 API | 占位，后续补案例 | mock/sandbox API、无需浏览器 |
+
+## 两类浏览器 RPA 的区别
+
+| | real_browser_rpa | simulator_browser_rpa |
+|---|---|---|
+| 目标 | 真实第三方网页 | 自有仿真页面 / sandbox |
+| 风控 | 高（验证码、登录态、反爬） | 低（DOM 可控） |
+| 账号 | 通常需 account-manager + profile | 示例可用 env / demo 账号 |
+| 用途 | 生产级真实采集/操作参考 | adapter 分层 + 表单 RPA 教学 |
+
+## 当前状态
+
+- **real_browser_rpa**：已有可参考代码 → 先读 `real_browser_rpa/README.md`
+- **simulator_browser_rpa**：已有完整示例（含 `sandbox/demo_app.html`）→ 先读 `simulator_browser_rpa/README.md`
+- **real_api** / **simulator_api**：目录占位，后续补案例
+
+## 如何选择示例
+
+| 你的场景 | 参考目录 |
+|---|---|
+| 真实网站 + 浏览器 + 登录/验证码/滚动 | **real_browser_rpa** |
+| 仿真页面 + 浏览器 + 表单/批量提交 | **simulator_browser_rpa** |
+| 真实系统 API | 后续 **real_api** |
+| mock / sandbox API（无浏览器） | 后续 **simulator_api** |
+
+> 示例提供的是**参考架构与边界**，不是业务代码原样复制。复制前先读对应 README 的「复制边界 / 禁止照抄」章节。

examples/real_api/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Real API Example
+
+这个目录用于沉淀“真实系统 API”类 skill 的可复制成功案例。
+
+## 适用场景
+
+- 目标系统提供真实 API
+- 需要 token / secret / credential
+- 需要请求重试、权限校验、限流处理、schema 校验和幂等写库
+
+## 当前状态
+
+- 本目录暂时只保留结构占位。
+- 示例业务尚未确定。
+- 本轮不包含示例代码。

examples/real_browser_rpa/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# Real Browser RPA Example
+
+这是一个真实网站浏览器 RPA skill 的可复制参考实现，适用于需要登录、人工验证、搜索、滚动加载、采集和入库的场景。
+
+**说明：**
+
+- 本示例是通用模板，不绑定具体平台。
+- 示例抽象自已跑通的真实浏览器 RPA skill（抖音视频链接采集），但代码已改成中性示例命名。
+- 新 skill 开发时可以复制本目录，再替换目标站点、选择器、解析逻辑和业务字段。
+
+## 适用场景
+
+- 真实网站操作（非 sandbox / mock）
+- 需要登录态与 persistent Chrome/Edge profile
+- 需要通过 account-manager 管理账号和 `profile_dir`
+- 需要处理人工登录、滑块验证码、短信验证码
+- 需要关键词搜索、滚动加载、采集可见条目
+- 需要结构化日志、用户友好的停止原因、失败留痕（截图/视频）
+
+## 目录结构
+
+```
+real_browser_rpa/
+├── README.md
+├── scripts/
+│   ├── service/
+│   │   ├── account_client.py      # subprocess 调用 account-manager
+│   │   ├── browser_session.py     # 系统 Chrome + persistent context
+│   │   ├── human_verification.py  # 滑块/短信/保存登录弹窗检测（不依赖 task_rpa 错误类型）
+│   │   ├── task_rpa.py            # RPA 主流程
+│   │   └── task_service.py        # 轻量编排（示例无 DB）
+│   └── util/
+│       ├── constants.py           # 平台常量、selector 占位
+│       └── logging.py             # 结构化日志与脱敏
+└── tests/
+    ├── test_human_verification.py # 验证码误判防护
+    └── test_stop_reason.py        # 停止原因文案
+```
+
+## 核心流程
+
+1. **pick account** — 通过 `account_client.pick_web_account()` 获取 `profile_dir` 与租约
+2. **启动浏览器** — `launch_persistent_context` + `new_page()` + `page.goto(start_url)`
+3. **人工验证（启动后）** — 检测滑块/短信，等待用户完成
+4. **等待登录** — 检测登录按钮消失 / 登录态 marker 出现
+5. **保存登录弹窗** — 等待“是否保存登录信息”倒计时消失
+6. **人工验证（登录后）** — 再次检测
+7. **搜索** — 定位搜索框 → 输入关键词 → 点击搜索
+8. **等待结果容器** — `#search-result-container`（示例 selector）
+9. **滚动采集循环** — 采集可见条目 → 判断 stop_reason → 滚动加载
+10. **返回结果** — `ScrapeRunResult` + `format_stop_reason_for_user()`
+11. **释放租约** — `finally` 中 `release_lease()`
+
+## 开发新 skill 时如何复制
+
+1. **先阅读** `examples/real_browser_rpa/README.md`（本节及下方「复制边界」）
+2. 复制整个 `examples/real_browser_rpa/` 到新 skill 的 `scripts/` 结构（或作为起点合并）
+3. 修改 `util/constants.py` 中的 `TARGET_PLATFORM`、`DEFAULT_START_URL`、selector 常量
+4. 替换 `task_rpa.py` 中的登录态 marker、搜索框/结果解析逻辑（**必须 F12 实测**）
+5. 替换 `human_verification.py` 中的验证码 selector（若目标站点 DOM 不同）
+6. 在 `task_service.py` 中接入真实 DB、任务日志、RpaVideoSession
+7. 添加 CLI 入口（`scripts/main.py`），并补齐 `SKILL.md` 的 LLM/运行契约说明与根 `README.md` 的用户市场说明
+
+## 复制边界：哪些能复制，哪些必须替换
+
+### 可以直接参考/复制的
+
+- `browser_session.py` 的启动结构：**persistent context → new_page → goto**
+- `human_verification.py` 的人工验证等待模式（容器级检测 + 等待人工，不自动破解）
+- `task_rpa.py` 的流程分层、结构化日志点、`stop_reason` 设计
+- `account_client.py` 的 account-manager CLI **集中封装**方式（subprocess 仅限此文件）
+- `tests/test_human_verification.py` 的误判防护测试思路
+
+### 必须替换的
+
+- `SKILL_SLUG`
+- `TARGET_PLATFORM`
+- `LEASE_HOLDER`
+- `DEFAULT_START_URL`
+- `SEARCH_INPUT_SELECTORS` / `SEARCH_BUTTON_SELECTOR`
+- `RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR` / `RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR`
+- `SCROLL_CONTAINER_SELECTORS`
+- `RESULT_END_TEXT`
+- `LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS` / `LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR`（见下方说明）
+- `_parse_item_locator()` 业务字段解析
+- 用户可见中文文案
+- 数据库写入逻辑
+- 任务日志逻辑
+- 录屏/截图业务标题
+
+### 禁止照抄的
+
+- 不要照抄目标站点 selector（示例 selector 不等于真实 DOM）
+- 不要照抄平台名、slug、logger 名
+- 不要依赖 `D:\OpenClaw\client-commons\account-manager\scripts\main.py` 等开发机绝对路径作为生产依赖
+- 不要把示例里的 result selector 当成真实站点 selector
+- 不要把示例代码原样发布为业务 skill
+- 不要把真实账号、手机号、cookie、token 写入代码或 README
+
+### 登录 selector 说明
+
+`task_rpa.py` 中的 `LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS` 与 `LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR` **只是示例**，偏中文「登录」按钮和常见站点结构。复制到新 skill 后：
+
+- **必须**用目标站点 F12 / DOM 实测后替换
+- **不允许**凭经验猜 selector
+- **不允许**因为示例在本机曾跑通就直接照搬到其他平台
+
+### account-manager 路径解析说明
+
+`account_client.py` 末尾的 `D:\OpenClaw\client-commons\account-manager\scripts\main.py` 是**开发环境兜底路径**，仅用于模板/本机调试。复制到真实 skill 后：
+
+- **优先**通过 `ACCOUNT_MANAGER_ROOT`、`CLAW_SKILLS_ROOT`、`JIANGCHANG_SKILLS_ROOT` 或宿主运行环境解析 account-manager
+- **不要**把个人机器路径作为生产依赖
+
+## 必须保留的安全原则
+
+- **不 import account-manager 内部模块** — 只通过 CLI/subprocess 调用
+- **不自动破解验证码** — 滑块/短信只检测 + 等待人工完成
+- **日志脱敏** — 不输出完整手机号/账号
+- **租约释放** — `pick-web --lease` 后必须在 `finally` 释放
+- **失败留痕** — 真实 skill 应在关键失败点截图（示例中已留注释位）
+
+## 常见坑
+
+| 坑 | 正确做法 |
+|---|---|
+| 直接 `import account_manager.service...` | 通过 `subprocess` 调用 `account-manager/scripts/main.py` |
+| 把 URL 放进 `launch_persistent_context(args=[url])` | `args` 只放 Chrome 参数；URL 用 `page.goto(start_url)` |
+| 启动后直接操作 DOM | 先 `context.new_page()` 再 `page.goto()` |
+| 用整页 `body.inner_text()` 判断验证码 | 限定在 `[role='dialog']`、`.vc-captcha-verify` 等容器 |
+| 搜索结果含“验证码教程”文字就误判 | 单元测试覆盖：无验证 DOM 时不应 `present=True` |
+| 无结构化日志 | 关键节点打 `rpa_start` / `browser_ready` / `collect_round` 等 |
+| 把 CLI 参数暴露给普通用户 | 用户说明放根 `README.md`；运行契约与触发规则放 `SKILL.md`（LLM/平台入口） |
+
+## 需要替换的内容清单
+
+| 文件 | 替换项 |
+|---|---|
+| `util/constants.py` | `SKILL_SLUG`、`TARGET_PLATFORM`、`DEFAULT_START_URL`、所有 selector |
+| `browser_session.py` | `get_start_url()` 配置来源、stealth 脚本（可选） |
+| `human_verification.py` | `SLIDER_SELECTORS`、`SMS_SELECTORS`、`DIALOG_TEXT_CONTAINERS` |
+| `task_rpa.py` | `LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS`、`LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR`、`_parse_item_locator()` |
+| `account_client.py` | `PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM`、`LEASE_HOLDER`、账号 setup 文案 |
+| `task_service.py` | 接入 DB、任务日志、entitlement、视频留痕 |
+
+## 依赖说明
+
+本目录是 **示例**，不影响 skill-template 根目录运行。真实 skill 需要：
+
+- Python 3.10+
+- Python 包 `playwright`：属于**宿主共享 runtime** 的通用能力；技能侧**不要**在 `requirements.txt` 中重复声明，也**不要**在代码或脚本中执行 `pip install playwright`
+- 真实 skill **默认使用系统 Chrome/Edge**，**不使用** Playwright 下载的内置 Chromium
+- 技能侧**不要**执行 `playwright install`、`playwright install chromium` 或类似命令
+- 若本地独立开发环境缺少 Playwright Python 包，只能作为开发机临时环境补装；**生产/宿主运行**由共享 runtime 解决
+- `jiangchang_skill_core`（如 `find_chrome_executable` 等，由 platform-kit 提供）
+- 兄弟 skill `account-manager`
+
+## 运行测试
+
+```bash
+cd examples/real_browser_rpa
+python -m pytest tests/ -v
+```
+
+测试为纯函数/Mock DOM，**不需要启动真实浏览器**。
+
+## 当前状态
+
+- 示例代码已就绪，可直接作为新 skill 复制起点。
+- 未绑定具体平台业务字段；selector 为占位示例。
+- 未接入真实数据库与 CLI 入口。

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/account_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+"""account-manager CLI 集成（仅 subprocess，不 import 兄弟 skill 内部模块）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from util.constants import LEASE_HOLDER, LEASE_TTL_SEC, TARGET_PLATFORM
+from util.logging import mask_text
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM = TARGET_PLATFORM
+
+ACCOUNT_SETUP_MESSAGE = (
+    f"未找到可用的 {PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM} 账号，所以还没有打开浏览器。"
+    f"请先在 account-manager 中添加 platform={PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM}、"
+    "status=active、带 profile_dir 的账号后重新运行。"
+)
+
+LEASE_BUSY_MESSAGE = "目标平台账号当前被其他任务占用，请等待释放租约后重试。"
+
+
+class AccountManagerError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, code: str, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.code = code
+        self.message = message
+
+
+def mask_login_id(login_id: str) -> str:
+    return mask_text(login_id)
+
+
+def _resolve_account_manager_main() -> str:
+    """解析 account-manager CLI 入口路径。
+
+    优先级：ACCOUNT_MANAGER_ROOT → CLAW_SKILLS_ROOT / JIANGCHANG_SKILLS_ROOT → 开发机兜底。
+    末尾 dev 路径仅用于模板/本机调试，复制到真实 skill 后不要依赖个人机器绝对路径。
+    """
+    env_root = (os.getenv("ACCOUNT_MANAGER_ROOT") or "").strip()
+    if env_root and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(env_root, "scripts", "main.py")):
+        return os.path.join(os.path.abspath(env_root), "scripts", "main.py")
+
+    skills_root = (os.getenv("CLAW_SKILLS_ROOT") or os.getenv("JIANGCHANG_SKILLS_ROOT") or "").strip()
+    if skills_root:
+        candidate = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(skills_root), "account-manager", "scripts", "main.py")
+        if os.path.isfile(candidate):
+            return candidate
+
+    # 开发环境兜底：仅模板/本机调试；生产依赖宿主注入的路径变量，勿硬编码个人目录
+    dev = r"D:\OpenClaw\client-commons\account-manager\scripts\main.py"
+    if os.path.isfile(dev):
+        return dev
+
+    raise AccountManagerError(
+        "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND",
+        "未找到 account-manager，请配置 ACCOUNT_MANAGER_ROOT 或安装 account-manager 技能。",
+    )
+
+
+def _parse_last_json(stdout: str) -> Any:
+    lines = [ln.strip() for ln in (stdout or "").splitlines() if ln.strip()]
+    for raw in reversed(lines):
+        if raw.startswith("ERROR:"):
+            continue
+        try:
+            return json.loads(raw)
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            continue
+    raise AccountManagerError("UNKNOWN_ERROR", "stdout 中没有可解析的 JSON。")
+
+
+def _run_argv(argv_suffix: List[str]) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
+    main_py = _resolve_account_manager_main()
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    return subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, main_py, *argv_suffix],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        errors="replace",
+        env=env,
+    )
+
+
+def _normalize_error_code(raw: str) -> str:
+    code = (raw or "").strip()
+    if code.startswith("ERROR:"):
+        code = code[6:]
+    return code
+
+
+def _validate_pick_payload(payload: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if payload.get("success") is False:
+        err = payload.get("error") if isinstance(payload.get("error"), dict) else {}
+        code = _normalize_error_code(str(err.get("code") or ""))
+        message = str(err.get("message") or "")
+        if code == "LEASE_CONFLICT" or "LEASE_CONFLICT" in code:
+            raise AccountManagerError("LEASE_CONFLICT", LEASE_BUSY_MESSAGE)
+        if code in ("NO_ACCOUNT", "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND") or "NO_ACCOUNT" in code:
+            raise AccountManagerError("NO_ACCOUNT", message or "没有可用账号。")
+        raise AccountManagerError(code or "PICK_WEB_FAILED", message or "pick-web 失败。")
+
+    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", "pick-web 返回格式异常。")
+    if not payload.get("profile_dir"):
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", "pick-web 返回的账号缺少 profile_dir。")
+    return payload
+
+
+def _pick_web_with_lease(platform: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    proc = _run_argv(
+        [
+            "account",
+            "pick-web",
+            "--platform",
+            platform,
+            "--lease",
+            "--holder",
+            LEASE_HOLDER,
+            "--ttl-sec",
+            LEASE_TTL_SEC,
+        ]
+    )
+    out = proc.stdout or ""
+    if proc.returncode != 0 and not out.strip():
+        raise AccountManagerError(
+            "PICK_WEB_FAILED",
+            (proc.stderr or "").strip() or "pick-web 子进程失败",
+        )
+    payload = _parse_last_json(out)
+    if isinstance(payload, dict) and payload.get("success") is False:
+        return _validate_pick_payload(payload)
+    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", "pick-web 返回格式异常。")
+    return payload
+
+
+def _pick_by_id(platform: str, account_id: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    proc = _run_argv(["account", "get", str(account_id)])
+    out = proc.stdout or ""
+    if proc.returncode != 0 or out.startswith("ERROR:"):
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", f"指定账号 {account_id} 不存在或获取失败。")
+    raw = _parse_last_json(out)
+    if isinstance(raw, dict) and "data" in raw and isinstance(raw["data"], dict):
+        data = raw["data"]
+    elif isinstance(raw, dict):
+        data = raw
+    else:
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", "account get 返回非对象 JSON。")
+
+    platform_key = str(data.get("platform_key") or "").lower()
+    if platform_key != platform.lower():
+        raise AccountManagerError(
+            "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND",
+            f"账号 {account_id} 不是 {platform} 平台账号。",
+        )
+    profile_dir = str(data.get("profile_dir") or "").strip()
+    if not profile_dir:
+        raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", f"账号 {account_id} 缺少 profile_dir。")
+    data["profile_dir"] = profile_dir
+    data["lease_token"] = ""
+    return data
+
+
+def pick_web_account(platform: str, account_id: Optional[str] = None) -> dict:
+    """获取网页账号（profile_dir + lease_token）。"""
+    platform_key = (platform or PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM).strip() or PLACEHOLDER_PLATFORM
+
+    if account_id:
+        try:
+            aid = int(account_id)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND", f"账号 ID 无效：{account_id}")
+        return _pick_by_id(platform_key, aid)
+
+    try:
+        return _pick_web_with_lease(platform_key)
+    except AccountManagerError as exc:
+        if exc.code in ("NO_ACCOUNT", "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND") or "NO_ACCOUNT" in exc.code:
+            raise AccountManagerError("ACCOUNT_SETUP_REQUIRED", ACCOUNT_SETUP_MESSAGE) from exc
+        raise
+
+
+def release_lease(lease_token: Optional[str]) -> None:
+    token = (lease_token or "").strip()
+    if not token:
+        return
+    try:
+        proc = _run_argv(["lease", "release", token])
+        if proc.returncode != 0:
+            logger.warning("lease_release_failed stdout=%s", (proc.stdout or "").strip())
+    except Exception:
+        logger.warning("lease_release_exception", exc_info=True)

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/browser_session.py

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""浏览器会话启动（系统 Chrome/Edge + Playwright persistent context）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple
+
+from util.constants import DEFAULT_START_URL
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DEFAULT_PAGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000
+GOTO_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000
+
+STEALTH_INIT_SCRIPT = """
+(() => {
+  try { Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', { get: () => undefined }); } catch (e) {}
+})();
+"""
+
+
+def get_start_url() -> str:
+    return (os.getenv("TARGET_START_URL") or DEFAULT_START_URL).strip() or DEFAULT_START_URL
+
+
+def _headless_from_env() -> bool:
+    v = (os.getenv("OPENCLAW_BROWSER_HEADLESS") or "0").strip().lower()
+    return v in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")
+
+
+def _find_chrome_executable() -> str | None:
+    try:
+        from jiangchang_skill_core.runtime_env import find_chrome_executable
+
+        chrome = find_chrome_executable()
+        if chrome and os.path.isfile(chrome):
+            return chrome
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    candidates = [
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe"),
+    ]
+    for path in candidates:
+        if path and os.path.isfile(path):
+            return path
+    return None
+
+
+async def start_browser_session(
+    profile_dir: str,
+    *,
+    headless: Optional[bool] = None,
+) -> Tuple[Any, Any, Any]:
+    """
+    启动持久化 Chrome profile，new_page + goto 入口页，返回 (playwright, context, page)。
+
+    真实 skill 需要安装 playwright 与 jiangchang_skill_core。
+    """
+    from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
+
+    hl = headless if headless is not None else _headless_from_env()
+    start_url = get_start_url()
+    chrome = _find_chrome_executable()
+    if not chrome:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "ERROR:MISSING_BROWSER 未检测到 Chrome 或 Edge 浏览器，请先安装系统浏览器后重试。"
+        )
+
+    launch_args = ["--start-maximized", "--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled"]
+    logger.info(
+        "browser_launch chrome=%s profile_dir=%s start_url=%s args=%s headless=%s",
+        chrome,
+        profile_dir,
+        start_url,
+        launch_args,
+        hl,
+    )
+    print(f"[浏览器] 系统 Chrome: {chrome}")
+    print(f"[浏览器] profile_dir: [{profile_dir}]")
+    print(f"[浏览器] startup_url={start_url}")
+    print(f"[浏览器] args={launch_args}")
+
+    pw = await async_playwright().start()
+    context = None
+    try:
+        context = await pw.chromium.launch_persistent_context(
+            user_data_dir=profile_dir,
+            headless=hl,
+            executable_path=chrome,
+            locale="zh-CN",
+            no_viewport=True,
+            args=launch_args,
+            ignore_default_args=["--enable-automation"],
+        )
+        await context.add_init_script(STEALTH_INIT_SCRIPT)
+
+        page = await context.new_page()
+        page.set_default_timeout(DEFAULT_PAGE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        try:
+            await page.goto(start_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=GOTO_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"浏览器已启动，但未能打开目标首页 {start_url}。"
+                "请检查网络、Chrome profile、代理或页面访问状态。"
+                f"（{exc}）"
+            ) from exc
+
+        return pw, context, page
+    except Exception:
+        if context is not None:
+            try:
+                await context.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        await pw.stop()
+        raise
+
+
+async def close_browser_context(pw, context) -> None:
+    try:
+        if context is not None:
+            await context.close()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    try:
+        if pw is not None:
+            await pw.stop()
+    except Exception:
+        pass

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/human_verification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+"""人工验证等待：保存登录倒计时、滑块、短信验证码等（不自动破解）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import random
+import re
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional
+
+from util.constants import LOG_LOGGER_NAME
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(LOG_LOGGER_NAME)
+
+TEXT_EXCERPT_MAX = 120
+
+SAVE_LOGIN_STRONG_MARKERS = (
+    "是否保存登录信息",
+    "下次登录更便捷",
+    "保存登录信息",
+)
+
+SAVE_LOGIN_CONTAINER_SELECTORS = (
+    "[role=\"dialog\"]",
+    ".semi-modal",
+    ".semi-modal-content",
+)
+
+SLIDER_SELECTORS = [
+    ".vc-captcha-verify.slide",
+    ".captcha_verify_bar--title",
+    ".captcha-slider-tips",
+    "#captcha_verify_image",
+    ".captcha-slider-btn",
+]
+
+SMS_SELECTORS = [
+    ".second-verify-panel",
+    ".uc-ui-verify_sms-input",
+    ".uc-ui-verify-new_header-title",
+    "input[placeholder='手机号']",
+    "input[placeholder='请输入验证码']",
+]
+
+DIALOG_TEXT_CONTAINERS = [
+    "[role='dialog']",
+    ".semi-modal",
+    ".semi-modal-content",
+    ".vc-captcha-verify",
+    ".second-verify-panel",
+]
+
+RISK_MARKERS = (
+    "操作频繁",
+    "访问过于频繁",
+    "风险验证",
+    "安全验证",
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class HumanVerificationState:
+    present: bool
+    kind: str
+    message: str
+    selector: str = ""
+    text_excerpt: str = ""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class HumanVerificationWaitResult:
+    timed_out: bool
+    kind: str = ""
+    code: str = ""
+    message: str = ""
+    stage: str = ""
+
+
+def _text_excerpt(text: str) -> str:
+    cleaned = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", (text or "").strip())
+    if len(cleaned) <= TEXT_EXCERPT_MAX:
+        return cleaned
+    return cleaned[:TEXT_EXCERPT_MAX] + "..."
+
+
+def _contains_any(text: str, markers: tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
+    return any(m in text for m in markers)
+
+
+async def _selector_visible(page, selector: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        loc = page.locator(selector).first
+        return await loc.is_visible(timeout=500)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+async def _selector_inner_text(page, selector: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        return await page.locator(selector).first.inner_text(timeout=1000)
+    except Exception:
+        return ""
+
+
+async def _visible_text_from_first_visible(page, selectors: tuple[str, ...] | list[str]) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    for sel in selectors:
+        try:
+            loc = page.locator(sel).first
+            if await loc.is_visible(timeout=500):
+                text = await loc.inner_text(timeout=1000)
+                return sel, text or ""
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    return "", ""
+
+
+def _save_login_popup_from_text(text: str) -> bool:
+    if not text:
+        return False
+    if _contains_any(text, SAVE_LOGIN_STRONG_MARKERS):
+        return True
+    if "保存" in text and "取消" in text and ("登录" in text or "登录信息" in text):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+async def detect_save_login_popup(page) -> bool:
+    sel, text = await _visible_text_from_first_visible(page, SAVE_LOGIN_CONTAINER_SELECTORS)
+    if sel and _save_login_popup_from_text(text):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+async def wait_save_login_countdown_if_present(page, timeout_sec: int = 8) -> bool:
+    """若出现“保存登录信息”倒计时弹窗则等待其消失；未出现则立即返回 False。"""
+    if not await detect_save_login_popup(page):
+        return False
+
+    logger.info("save_login_popup_detected")
+    print("[登录] 检测到“保存登录信息”倒计时弹窗，等待其自动关闭...")
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    deadline = start + timeout_sec
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        if not await detect_save_login_popup(page):
+            elapsed = round(time.monotonic() - start, 2)
+            logger.info("save_login_popup_gone elapsed_sec=%s", elapsed)
+            return True
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
+    elapsed = round(time.monotonic() - start, 2)
+    logger.warning(
+        "save_login_popup_still_visible elapsed_sec=%s timeout_sec=%s",
+        elapsed,
+        timeout_sec,
+    )
+    print(
+        f"[登录] 警告：保存登录信息弹窗超过 {timeout_sec} 秒仍未消失，"
+        "将继续后续流程（您可能已手工点击保存/取消）。"
+    )
+    return True
+
+
+async def detect_slider_verification(page) -> Optional[HumanVerificationState]:
+    sel_slide = ".vc-captcha-verify.slide"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_slide):
+        text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_slide)
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="slider",
+            message="滑块验证码",
+            selector=sel_slide,
+            text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+        )
+
+    sel_title = ".captcha_verify_bar--title"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_title):
+        title_text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_title)
+        if "请完成下列验证后继续" in title_text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="slider",
+                message="滑块验证码",
+                selector=sel_title,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(title_text),
+            )
+
+    sel_tips = ".captcha-slider-tips"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_tips):
+        tips_text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_tips)
+        if "拖动完成上方拼图" in tips_text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="slider",
+                message="滑块验证码",
+                selector=sel_tips,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(tips_text),
+            )
+
+    if await _selector_visible(page, "#captcha_verify_image"):
+        for btn_sel in (".captcha-slider-btn", ".captcha_verify_slide--button", ".captcha-slider"):
+            if await _selector_visible(page, btn_sel):
+                return HumanVerificationState(
+                    present=True,
+                    kind="slider",
+                    message="滑块验证码",
+                    selector=f"#captcha_verify_image+{btn_sel}",
+                    text_excerpt="",
+                )
+
+    return None
+
+
+async def detect_sms_verification(page) -> Optional[HumanVerificationState]:
+    sel_panel = ".second-verify-panel"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_panel):
+        text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_panel)
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="sms",
+            message="短信验证码",
+            selector=sel_panel,
+            text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+        )
+
+    sel_sms = ".uc-ui-verify_sms-input"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_sms):
+        text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_sms)
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="sms",
+            message="短信验证码",
+            selector=sel_sms,
+            text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+        )
+
+    sel_hdr = ".uc-ui-verify-new_header-title"
+    if await _selector_visible(page, sel_hdr):
+        hdr_text = await _selector_inner_text(page, sel_hdr)
+        if "短信验证" in hdr_text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="sms",
+                message="短信验证码",
+                selector=sel_hdr,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(hdr_text),
+            )
+
+    phone_visible = await _selector_visible(
+        page,
+        ".second-verify-panel input[placeholder='手机号'], .uc-ui-verify_sms-input input[placeholder='手机号']",
+    )
+    code_visible = await _selector_visible(
+        page,
+        ".second-verify-panel input[placeholder='请输入验证码'], .uc-ui-verify_sms-input input[placeholder='请输入验证码']",
+    )
+    if phone_visible and code_visible:
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="sms",
+            message="短信验证码",
+            selector="sms-phone-and-code-inputs",
+            text_excerpt="手机号+请输入验证码",
+        )
+
+    return None
+
+
+async def detect_human_verification_from_containers(page) -> Optional[HumanVerificationState]:
+    sel, text = await _visible_text_from_first_visible(page, DIALOG_TEXT_CONTAINERS)
+    if not sel or not text:
+        return None
+
+    if _contains_any(text, RISK_MARKERS):
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="risk",
+            message="安全/频控验证",
+            selector=sel,
+            text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+        )
+
+    if sel in (".vc-captcha-verify", ".vc-captcha-verify-visibility"):
+        if "请完成下列验证后继续" in text or "拖动完成上方拼图" in text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="slider",
+                message="滑块验证码",
+                selector=sel,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+            )
+
+    if sel in (".second-verify-panel", ".uc-ui-verify_sms-input"):
+        if "短信验证" in text or "获取验证码" in text:
+            return HumanVerificationState(
+                present=True,
+                kind="sms",
+                message="短信验证码",
+                selector=sel,
+                text_excerpt=_text_excerpt(text),
+            )
+
+    return None
+
+
+async def detect_human_verification(page) -> HumanVerificationState:
+    """主检测入口：仅在验证码/弹窗容器级检测，不扫整页 body。"""
+    state = await detect_slider_verification(page)
+    if state is not None:
+        return state
+    state = await detect_sms_verification(page)
+    if state is not None:
+        return state
+    state = await detect_human_verification_from_containers(page)
+    if state is not None:
+        return state
+    return HumanVerificationState(present=False, kind="", message="", selector="", text_excerpt="")
+
+
+def detect_human_verification_from_text(text: str) -> HumanVerificationState:
+    """
+    根据 HTML/容器文本判断验证弹窗（单元测试辅助，不能作为真实页面主检测入口）。
+    只检查验证容器 DOM 标记，不根据正文关键词误判。
+    """
+    html_lower = (text or "").lower()
+    has_slider_dom = (
+        "vc-captcha-verify" in html_lower
+        and "slide" in html_lower
+        and (
+            "captcha-slider-tips" in html_lower
+            or "captcha_verify_bar--title" in html_lower
+            or "captcha_verify_image" in html_lower
+        )
+    )
+    if has_slider_dom:
+        selector = ".vc-captcha-verify.slide"
+        if "captcha-slider-tips" in html_lower:
+            selector = ".captcha-slider-tips"
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="slider",
+            message="滑块验证码",
+            selector=selector,
+            text_excerpt="",
+        )
+
+    has_sms_dom = "second-verify-panel" in html_lower or "uc-ui-verify_sms-input" in html_lower
+    if has_sms_dom:
+        selector = ".second-verify-panel" if "second-verify-panel" in html_lower else ".uc-ui-verify_sms-input"
+        return HumanVerificationState(
+            present=True,
+            kind="sms",
+            message="短信验证码",
+            selector=selector,
+            text_excerpt="",
+        )
+
+    return HumanVerificationState(present=False, kind="", message="", selector="", text_excerpt="")
+
+
+def _wait_log_message(state: HumanVerificationState, wait_sec: int) -> str:
+    if state.kind == "slider":
+        return f"[人工验证] 检测到滑块验证码，请在浏览器中手工完成，最多等待 {wait_sec} 秒..."
+    if state.kind == "sms":
+        return f"[人工验证] 检测到短信验证码，请在浏览器中手工完成，最多等待 {wait_sec} 秒..."
+    return f"[人工验证] 检测到安全验证，请在浏览器中手工处理，最多等待 {wait_sec} 秒..."
+
+
+def _timeout_error_code(kind: str) -> str:
+    if kind == "slider":
+        return "SLIDER_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT"
+    if kind == "sms":
+        return "SMS_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT"
+    return "HUMAN_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT"
+
+
+def _timeout_error_message(kind: str, wait_sec: int) -> str:
+    if kind == "slider":
+        return (
+            f"滑块验证码未在 {wait_sec} 秒内完成，任务已停止。"
+            "请重新运行任务并及时在浏览器中完成验证。"
+        )
+    if kind == "sms":
+        return (
+            f"短信验证码未在 {wait_sec} 秒内完成，任务已停止。"
+            "请重新运行任务并及时完成短信验证。"
+        )
+    return (
+        f"安全验证未在 {wait_sec} 秒内完成，任务已停止。"
+        "请重新运行任务并及时在浏览器中完成验证。"
+    )
+
+
+async def wait_human_verification_if_present(
+    page,
+    *,
+    wait_sec: int = 180,
+    stage: str = "unknown",
+) -> Optional[HumanVerificationWaitResult]:
+    """
+    若存在人工验证则等待用户完成；无验证或已完成返回 None；超时返回 HumanVerificationWaitResult。
+    不自动拖动滑块、不自动填写短信验证码。
+    """
+    state = await detect_human_verification(page)
+    if not state.present:
+        return None
+
+    logger.warning(
+        "human_verification_detected stage=%s kind=%s selector=%s text=%s",
+        stage,
+        state.kind,
+        state.selector,
+        state.text_excerpt,
+    )
+    print(_wait_log_message(state, wait_sec))
+
+    last_state = state
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    deadline = start + wait_sec
+
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        state = await detect_human_verification(page)
+        if not state.present:
+            elapsed = round(time.monotonic() - start, 2)
+            logger.info(
+                "human_verification_passed stage=%s kind=%s elapsed_sec=%s",
+                stage,
+                last_state.kind,
+                elapsed,
+            )
+            await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(1.0, 2.0))
+            return None
+        last_state = state
+        await asyncio.sleep(2.0)
+
+    logger.warning(
+        "human_verification_timeout stage=%s kind=%s wait_sec=%s selector=%s",
+        stage,
+        last_state.kind,
+        wait_sec,
+        last_state.selector,
+    )
+    return HumanVerificationWaitResult(
+        timed_out=True,
+        kind=last_state.kind,
+        code=_timeout_error_code(last_state.kind),
+        message=_timeout_error_message(last_state.kind, wait_sec),
+        stage=stage,
+    )

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_rpa.py

@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+"""真实网站关键词搜索 RPA 示例（async Playwright）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import random
+import re
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from service.browser_session import close_browser_context, get_start_url, start_browser_session
+from service.human_verification import (
+    HumanVerificationWaitResult,
+    wait_human_verification_if_present,
+    wait_save_login_countdown_if_present,
+)
+from util.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    DEFAULT_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT,
+    HUMAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT,
+    LOG_LOGGER_NAME,
+    RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR,
+    RESULT_END_TEXT,
+    RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR,
+    SCROLL_CONTAINER_SELECTORS,
+    SEARCH_BUTTON_SELECTOR,
+    SEARCH_INPUT_SELECTORS,
+)
+from util.logging import mask_text, safe_log_value
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(LOG_LOGGER_NAME)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ScrapeError:
+    code: str
+    message: str
+    browser_started: bool = False
+    stage: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ScrapeRunResult:
+    success: bool
+    items: List[Dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=list)
+    stop_reason: Optional[str] = None
+    error: Optional[ScrapeError] = None
+
+
+StepCallback = Callable[[str], None]
+
+# 示例登录态 selector — 复制到新 skill 后必须用目标站点 F12/DOM 实测替换，禁止凭经验猜测或跨平台照抄
+LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS = (
+    "a[href*='/user/self']",
+    "[data-user-avatar]",
+    ".user-avatar",
+)
+LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR = "button:has-text('登录')"
+
+
+def format_stop_reason_for_user(stop_reason: str | None, collected_count: int) -> str:
+    """将内部 stop_reason 枚举翻译为用户可理解的中文说明。"""
+    if stop_reason == "max_items":
+        return (
+            f"已达到本次默认采集规模（{collected_count} 条）。"
+            "如需更多，可以继续说「继续采集更多」或「尽量多采集」。"
+        )
+    if stop_reason == "end_marker":
+        return "页面提示没有更多结果，本次采集已完成。"
+    if stop_reason == "no_new_rounds":
+        return "连续多次加载没有发现新结果，本次采集已完成。"
+    if stop_reason == "max_scrolls":
+        return (
+            "已达到本次页面加载保护范围，本次采集已完成。"
+            "如需更深度采集，可以说明「尽量多采集」。"
+        )
+    if stop_reason == "human_verification_timeout":
+        return "人工验证未在规定时间内完成，任务已停止。"
+    return "本次采集已完成。"
+
+
+def _mask_account_ref(account: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    for key in ("login_id", "phone", "mobile"):
+        raw = str(account.get(key) or "").strip()
+        if raw:
+            return mask_text(raw)
+    aid = account.get("id") or account.get("account_id")
+    if aid is not None:
+        return f"id:{aid}"
+    return "unknown"
+
+
+def _step_cb(cb: Optional[StepCallback], text: str) -> None:
+    if cb:
+        cb(text)
+
+
+async def _random_delay() -> None:
+    lo = int(os.getenv("RPA_STEP_DELAY_MIN_MS") or "900")
+    hi = int(os.getenv("RPA_STEP_DELAY_MAX_MS") or "2600")
+    await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(lo / 1000.0, hi / 1000.0))
+
+
+async def _scroll_wait() -> None:
+    await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(1.2, 3.5))
+
+
+def _headless() -> bool:
+    v = (os.getenv("OPENCLAW_BROWSER_HEADLESS") or "0").strip().lower()
+    return v in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")
+
+
+def _no_new_limit() -> int:
+    try:
+        return int(os.getenv("RPA_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT") or str(DEFAULT_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT))
+    except ValueError:
+        return DEFAULT_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT
+
+
+async def _visible(locator) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return await locator.count() > 0 and await locator.is_visible(timeout=500)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+async def _is_logged_out(page) -> bool:
+    try:
+        btn = page.locator(LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR).first
+        return await _visible(btn)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+async def _is_logged_in(page) -> bool:
+    if await _is_logged_out(page):
+        return False
+    for sel in LOGGED_IN_SELECTORS:
+        try:
+            loc = page.locator(sel).first
+            if await _visible(loc):
+                return True
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    return False
+
+
+async def _open_login_panel_if_needed(page) -> None:
+    if not await _is_logged_out(page):
+        return
+    try:
+        btn = page.locator(LOGGED_OUT_SELECTOR).first
+        if await _visible(btn):
+            await btn.click()
+            await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(1.0, 3.0))
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+async def _ensure_logged_in(page, *, wait_sec: int) -> None:
+    if await _is_logged_in(page):
+        return
+
+    await _open_login_panel_if_needed(page)
+    if await _is_logged_in(page):
+        return
+
+    print(f"[登录] 请在浏览器中完成登录，最多等待 {wait_sec} 秒...")
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + wait_sec
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        if await _is_logged_in(page):
+            print("[登录] 检测到登录成功")
+            return
+        await asyncio.sleep(2.0)
+
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        f"ERROR:LOGIN_TIMEOUT 浏览器已打开，但未完成登录。"
+        f"请重新运行任务并在浏览器打开后及时完成登录。"
+    )
+
+
+async def _find_search_input(page) -> Tuple[Optional[Any], str]:
+    for sel in SEARCH_INPUT_SELECTORS:
+        try:
+            loc = page.locator(sel).first
+            if await _visible(loc):
+                return loc, sel
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+
+    candidates: List[Tuple[int, Any, str]] = []
+    try:
+        inputs = await page.locator("input").all()
+    except Exception:
+        inputs = []
+    for inp in inputs:
+        try:
+            if not await inp.is_visible():
+                continue
+            box = await inp.bounding_box()
+            if not box or box.get("width", 0) < 120:
+                continue
+            placeholder = await inp.get_attribute("placeholder") or ""
+            score = box.get("width", 0)
+            if "搜索" in placeholder:
+                score += 500
+            if box.get("y", 9999) < 200:
+                score += 200
+            candidates.append((score, inp, f"input placeholder={placeholder!r}"))
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    if candidates:
+        candidates.sort(key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)
+        _, inp, sel = candidates[0]
+        return inp, sel
+
+    try:
+        ph = page.get_by_placeholder(re.compile("搜索"))
+        if await ph.count() > 0 and await ph.first.is_visible():
+            return ph.first, "placeholder=搜索"
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return None, ""
+
+
+async def _find_search_button(page):
+    try:
+        btn = page.get_by_role("button", name="搜索")
+        if await btn.count() > 0 and await btn.first.is_visible():
+            return btn.first
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    try:
+        btn = page.locator(SEARCH_BUTTON_SELECTOR).first
+        if await btn.count() > 0 and await btn.is_visible():
+            return btn
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return None
+
+
+async def _wait_search_results(page, timeout_sec: float = 45.0) -> bool:
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout_sec
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        try:
+            url = page.url or ""
+            if "/search" in url or "search" in url.lower():
+                if await page.locator(RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR).count() > 0:
+                    return True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.8)
+    return False
+
+
+async def _has_end_marker(page) -> bool:
+    try:
+        container = page.locator(RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR).first
+        if await container.count() > 0:
+            text = await container.inner_text(timeout=2000)
+            if RESULT_END_TEXT in text or "暂时没有更多了" in text:
+                return True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    try:
+        if await page.locator(f"text={RESULT_END_TEXT}").count() > 0:
+            return True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return False
+
+
+async def _mouse_wheel_scroll(page) -> Tuple[str, int]:
+    wheel_delta = random.randint(650, 1200)
+    for sel in SCROLL_CONTAINER_SELECTORS:
+        loc = page.locator(sel)
+        try:
+            if await loc.count() > 0 and await loc.first.is_visible():
+                await loc.first.hover()
+                await _random_delay()
+                await page.mouse.wheel(0, wheel_delta)
+                return sel, wheel_delta
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    await page.mouse.wheel(0, wheel_delta)
+    return "page", wheel_delta
+
+
+async def _parse_item_locator(item) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    item_id = await item.get_attribute("data-item-id") or await item.get_attribute("id") or ""
+    title = ""
+    try:
+        title = (await item.inner_text(timeout=1000)).strip()[:200]
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return {
+        "item_id": item_id or title[:32] or str(id(item)),
+        "title": title,
+    }
+
+
+async def _collect_visible_items(page, seen_ids: set[str]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    new_items: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    try:
+        items = await page.locator(RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR).all()
+    except Exception:
+        items = []
+    for item in items:
+        try:
+            parsed = await _parse_item_locator(item)
+            item_id = parsed.get("item_id")
+            if not item_id or item_id in seen_ids:
+                continue
+            seen_ids.add(str(item_id))
+            new_items.append(parsed)
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+    return new_items
+
+
+async def _count_visible_items(page) -> int:
+    try:
+        return await page.locator(RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR).count()
+    except Exception:
+        return 0
+
+
+def _fail_result(error: ScrapeError, *, collected: int = 0) -> ScrapeRunResult:
+    logger.warning(
+        "rpa_failed code=%s stage=%s message=%s collected=%s",
+        error.code,
+        error.stage,
+        error.message,
+        collected,
+    )
+    return ScrapeRunResult(success=False, error=error)
+
+
+def _fail_on_verification_timeout(
+    verification_timeout: HumanVerificationWaitResult,
+    *,
+    collected: int = 0,
+) -> ScrapeRunResult:
+    return _fail_result(
+        ScrapeError(
+            code=verification_timeout.code,
+            message=verification_timeout.message,
+            browser_started=True,
+            stage=verification_timeout.stage or "unknown",
+        ),
+        collected=collected,
+    )
+
+
+async def run_keyword_search_async(
+    account: Dict[str, Any],
+    keyword: str,
+    *,
+    max_items: int = DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    max_scrolls: int = DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    data_dir: str = "",
+    batch_id: str = "",
+    step_callback: Optional[StepCallback] = None,
+) -> ScrapeRunResult:
+    profile_dir = account.get("profile_dir") or ""
+    account_ref = _mask_account_ref(account)
+    wait_sec = int(os.getenv("HUMAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT") or str(HUMAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT))
+    no_new_limit = _no_new_limit()
+
+    logger.info(
+        "rpa_start keyword=%s max_items=%s max_scrolls=%s wait_sec=%s batch_id=%s account_ref=%s",
+        safe_log_value(keyword),
+        max_items,
+        max_scrolls,
+        wait_sec,
+        batch_id,
+        account_ref,
+    )
+
+    if not profile_dir:
+        err = ScrapeError(
+            "ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND",
+            "账号缺少 profile_dir。",
+            browser_started=False,
+            stage="account_prepare",
+        )
+        return _fail_result(err)
+
+    pw = None
+    context = None
+    page = None
+    browser_started = False
+    collected_count = 0
+
+    try:
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "启动关键词搜索采集任务")
+        try:
+            pw, context, page = await start_browser_session(profile_dir, headless=_headless())
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            msg = str(exc)
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                "MISSING_BROWSER" if "MISSING_BROWSER" in msg else "UNKNOWN_ERROR",
+                msg.replace("ERROR:MISSING_BROWSER ", "").replace("ERROR:", ""),
+                browser_started="未能打开目标首页" in msg,
+                stage="browser_start" if "未能打开目标首页" in msg else "account_prepare",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err)
+        browser_started = True
+
+        logger.info(
+            "browser_ready start_url=%s current_url=%s profile_dir_exists=%s",
+            get_start_url(),
+            page.url,
+            os.path.isdir(profile_dir),
+        )
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "打开目标站点首页")
+        await _random_delay()
+
+        verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+            page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="browser_start"
+        )
+        if verification_timeout:
+            return _fail_on_verification_timeout(verification_timeout)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "检查账号登录状态")
+        logger.info("login_check_start current_url=%s", page.url)
+        try:
+            await _ensure_logged_in(page, wait_sec=wait_sec)
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            msg = str(exc)
+            code = "LOGIN_TIMEOUT" if "LOGIN_TIMEOUT" in msg else "REQUIRE_LOGIN"
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                code,
+                msg.replace("ERROR:LOGIN_TIMEOUT ", "").replace("ERROR:", ""),
+                browser_started=True,
+                stage="login_check",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err)
+        logger.info("login_check_done current_url=%s", page.url)
+
+        await wait_save_login_countdown_if_present(page)
+
+        verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+            page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="login_check"
+        )
+        if verification_timeout:
+            return _fail_on_verification_timeout(verification_timeout)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "定位搜索框")
+        search_input, input_selector = await _find_search_input(page)
+        if search_input is None:
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                "SEARCH_INPUT_NOT_FOUND",
+                "未找到搜索输入框。",
+                browser_started=True,
+                stage="search",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err)
+        logger.info("search_input_found selector=%s", input_selector)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, f"输入关键词：{keyword}")
+        await search_input.click()
+        await _random_delay()
+        await page.keyboard.press("Control+A")
+        await page.keyboard.type(keyword, delay=random.randint(90, 240))
+        await _random_delay()
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "点击搜索")
+        search_btn = await _find_search_button(page)
+        search_method = "button"
+        if search_btn is not None:
+            await search_btn.click()
+        else:
+            search_method = "enter"
+            await page.keyboard.press("Enter")
+        logger.info(
+            "search_submitted keyword=%s method=%s current_url=%s",
+            safe_log_value(keyword),
+            search_method,
+            page.url,
+        )
+        await _random_delay()
+
+        verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+            page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="search_verification"
+        )
+        if verification_timeout:
+            return _fail_on_verification_timeout(verification_timeout)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "等待搜索结果")
+        if not await _wait_search_results(page):
+            verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+                page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="search_results"
+            )
+            if verification_timeout:
+                return _fail_on_verification_timeout(verification_timeout)
+
+            if not await _wait_search_results(page, timeout_sec=10.0):
+                err = ScrapeError(
+                    "RESULT_CONTAINER_NOT_FOUND",
+                    "搜索结果未出现，且未检测到需要人工处理的验证码，请检查关键词或页面状态。",
+                    browser_started=True,
+                    stage="search",
+                )
+                return _fail_result(err)
+
+        container_count = await page.locator(RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR).count()
+        logger.info(
+            "search_results_ready current_url=%s container_count=%s",
+            page.url,
+            container_count,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            await page.locator(RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR).first.wait_for(state="visible", timeout=15_000)
+        except Exception:
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                "RESULT_CONTAINER_NOT_FOUND",
+                "搜索结果容器未出现。",
+                browser_started=True,
+                stage="search",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err)
+
+        seen_ids: set[str] = set()
+        collected: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+        no_new_rounds = 0
+        stop_reason = "max_scrolls"
+        rounds_executed = 0
+
+        for scroll_round in range(max_scrolls + 1):
+            rounds_executed = scroll_round
+            _step_cb(step_callback, "读取当前结果列表")
+            visible_count = await _count_visible_items(page)
+            batch = await _collect_visible_items(page, seen_ids)
+            new_count = len(batch)
+            if batch:
+                collected.extend(batch)
+                no_new_rounds = 0
+            else:
+                no_new_rounds += 1
+
+            collected_count = len(collected)
+            end_marker = await _has_end_marker(page)
+            logger.info(
+                "collect_round round=%s max_scrolls=%s visible_count=%s new_count=%s "
+                "collected=%s no_new_rounds=%s no_new_limit=%s end_marker=%s current_url=%s",
+                scroll_round,
+                max_scrolls,
+                visible_count,
+                new_count,
+                collected_count,
+                no_new_rounds,
+                no_new_limit,
+                end_marker,
+                page.url,
+            )
+
+            if len(collected) >= max_items:
+                collected = collected[:max_items]
+                stop_reason = "max_items"
+                break
+
+            if end_marker:
+                stop_reason = "end_marker"
+                _step_cb(step_callback, "发现结果到底或达到采集数量")
+                break
+
+            if no_new_rounds >= no_new_limit:
+                stop_reason = "no_new_rounds"
+                logger.info(
+                    "collect_no_new_stop round=%s no_new_rounds=%s no_new_limit=%s collected=%s",
+                    scroll_round,
+                    no_new_rounds,
+                    no_new_limit,
+                    collected_count,
+                )
+                break
+
+            if scroll_round >= max_scrolls:
+                break
+
+            _step_cb(step_callback, "滚动加载更多结果")
+            scroll_target, wheel_delta = await _mouse_wheel_scroll(page)
+            logger.info(
+                "scroll round=%s target=%s wheel_delta=%s",
+                scroll_round,
+                scroll_target,
+                wheel_delta,
+            )
+            await _scroll_wait()
+
+            verification_timeout = await wait_human_verification_if_present(
+                page, wait_sec=wait_sec, stage="collect"
+            )
+            if verification_timeout:
+                return _fail_on_verification_timeout(
+                    verification_timeout,
+                    collected=collected_count,
+                )
+
+        logger.info(
+            "collect_stop reason=%s collected=%s rounds=%s no_new_rounds=%s",
+            stop_reason,
+            collected_count,
+            rounds_executed,
+            no_new_rounds,
+        )
+
+        if not collected:
+            err = ScrapeError(
+                "NO_RESULTS",
+                "未采集到任何结果。",
+                browser_started=True,
+                stage="collect",
+            )
+            return _fail_result(err, collected=0)
+
+        _step_cb(step_callback, "采集完成")
+        logger.info(
+            "rpa_success collected=%s stop_reason=%s",
+            len(collected[:max_items]),
+            stop_reason,
+        )
+        return ScrapeRunResult(success=True, items=collected[:max_items], stop_reason=stop_reason)
+
+    except Exception as exc:
+        err = ScrapeError(
+            "UNKNOWN_ERROR",
+            str(exc),
+            browser_started=browser_started,
+            stage="rpa",
+        )
+        return _fail_result(err, collected=collected_count)
+    finally:
+        await close_browser_context(pw, context)

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""轻量任务编排示例（无真实数据库依赖）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import uuid
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from service.account_client import AccountManagerError, pick_web_account, release_lease
+from service.task_rpa import (
+    ScrapeRunResult,
+    format_stop_reason_for_user,
+    run_keyword_search_async,
+)
+from util.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    SKILL_SLUG,
+    TARGET_PLATFORM,
+)
+
+
+def _error_payload(
+    code: str,
+    message: str,
+    *,
+    browser_started: Optional[bool] = None,
+    stage: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "success": False,
+        "error": {"code": code, "message": message},
+    }
+    if browser_started is not None:
+        payload["browser_started"] = browser_started
+    if stage:
+        payload["stage"] = stage
+    return payload
+
+
+def _success_payload(
+    *,
+    keyword: str,
+    collected_count: int,
+    items: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    stop_reason: Optional[str],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "skill": SKILL_SLUG,
+        "keyword": keyword,
+        "collected_count": collected_count,
+        "items": items,
+        "stop_reason": stop_reason,
+        "stop_reason_message": format_stop_reason_for_user(stop_reason, collected_count),
+    }
+
+
+async def run_keyword_search_task(
+    keyword: str,
+    *,
+    max_items: int = DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    max_scrolls: int = DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    account_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    platform: str = TARGET_PLATFORM,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    编排一次关键词搜索采集。
+
+    真实 skill 中还应：
+    - 写 SQLite 入库（items 表）
+    - 写 scrape_tasks / task_logs 任务日志
+    - 使用 RpaVideoSession 录制步骤留痕
+    - 失败时 capture_failure 截图
+    """
+    batch_id = uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]
+    data_dir = ""  # 示例占位；真实 skill 使用 get_skill_data_dir()
+    lease_token: Optional[str] = None
+    account: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None
+
+    try:
+        account = pick_web_account(platform, account_id)
+        lease_token = account.get("lease_token")
+
+        scrape_result: ScrapeRunResult = await run_keyword_search_async(
+            account,
+            keyword,
+            max_items=max_items,
+            max_scrolls=max_scrolls,
+            data_dir=data_dir,
+            batch_id=batch_id,
+        )
+
+        if not scrape_result.success:
+            err = scrape_result.error
+            return _error_payload(
+                err.code if err else "UNKNOWN_ERROR",
+                err.message if err else "未知错误",
+                browser_started=err.browser_started if err else True,
+                stage=err.stage if err else "rpa",
+            )
+
+        collected_count = len(scrape_result.items)
+        return _success_payload(
+            keyword=keyword,
+            collected_count=collected_count,
+            items=scrape_result.items[:10],
+            stop_reason=scrape_result.stop_reason,
+        )
+    except AccountManagerError as exc:
+        return _error_payload(
+            exc.code,
+            exc.message,
+            browser_started=False,
+            stage="account_prepare",
+        )
+    finally:
+        release_lease(lease_token)
+
+
+def run_keyword_search_task_sync(
+    keyword: str,
+    *,
+    max_items: int = DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS,
+    max_scrolls: int = DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS,
+    account_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    platform: str = TARGET_PLATFORM,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return asyncio.run(
+        run_keyword_search_task(
+            keyword,
+            max_items=max_items,
+            max_scrolls=max_scrolls,
+            account_id=account_id,
+            platform=platform,
+        )
+    )

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/util/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""示例常量（复制到新 skill 时请替换为目标站点与业务字段）。"""
+
+SKILL_SLUG = "example-real-browser-rpa"
+LOG_LOGGER_NAME = "openclaw.skill.example_real_browser_rpa"
+
+TARGET_PLATFORM = "target_platform"
+LEASE_HOLDER = "example-real-browser-rpa"
+LEASE_TTL_SEC = "1800"
+
+DEFAULT_START_URL = "https://example.com"
+DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS = 100
+DEFAULT_MAX_SCROLLS = 40
+DEFAULT_NO_NEW_ROUNDS_LIMIT = 5
+HUMAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT = 180
+
+RESULT_END_TEXT = "没有更多结果了"
+
+# 示例 selector — 复制到新 skill 时按目标站点 DOM 替换
+SEARCH_INPUT_SELECTORS = (
+    'input[type="search"]',
+    'input[name="q"]',
+    'input[placeholder*="搜索"]',
+)
+SEARCH_BUTTON_SELECTOR = 'button:has-text("搜索")'
+RESULT_CONTAINER_SELECTOR = "#search-result-container"
+RESULT_ITEM_SELECTOR = "[data-result-item]"
+SCROLL_CONTAINER_SELECTORS = (
+    "#search-result-container",
+    ".search-result-scroll",
+    ".route-scroll-container",
+)

examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts/util/logging.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""示例结构化日志工具。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from util.constants import LOG_LOGGER_NAME
+
+
+def get_logger(name: str | None = None) -> logging.Logger:
+    return logging.getLogger(name or LOG_LOGGER_NAME)
+
+
+def mask_text(value: str, *, keep_start: int = 2, keep_end: int = 2) -> str:
+    s = (value or "").strip()
+    if len(s) >= 11 and s.isdigit():
+        return s[:3] + "****" + s[-4:]
+    if len(s) > keep_start + keep_end:
+        return s[:keep_start] + "****" + s[-keep_end:]
+    return "****"
+
+
+def safe_log_value(value: Any) -> str:
+    if value is None:
+        return ""
+    text = str(value)
+    if re.fullmatch(r"\d{7,}", text):
+        return mask_text(text)
+    if "@" in text and len(text) > 6:
+        local, _, domain = text.partition("@")
+        return f"{mask_text(local, keep_start=1, keep_end=1)}@{domain}"
+    return text

examples/real_browser_rpa/tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""pytest 路径配置：将 examples/real_browser_rpa/scripts 加入 import 路径。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+SCRIPTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "scripts"
+if str(SCRIPTS) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(SCRIPTS))

examples/real_browser_rpa/tests/test_human_verification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""人工验证检测单元测试（DOM 精准检测，不依赖真实浏览器）。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import time
+import unittest
+
+from service.human_verification import (
+    HumanVerificationWaitResult,
+    detect_human_verification,
+    detect_human_verification_from_text,
+    wait_human_verification_if_present,
+    wait_save_login_countdown_if_present,
+)
+
+
+SLIDER_HTML = """
+<div class="vc-captcha-verify slide">
+  <div class="captcha_verify_bar--title">请完成下列验证后继续</div>
+  <div class="captcha-slider-tips">按住左边按钮拖动完成上方拼图</div>
+</div>
+"""
+
+SMS_HTML = """
+<div class="second-verify-panel">
+  <div class="uc-ui-verify_sms-input">
+    <div class="uc-ui-verify-new_header-title">短信验证</div>
+    <input placeholder="手机号" />
+    <input placeholder="请输入验证码" />
+    <button>获取验证码</button>
+  </div>
+</div>
+"""
+
+SEARCH_RESULTS_HTML = """
+<div id="search-result-container">
+  <div data-result-item="1">RPA 滑块验证码识别教程</div>
+  <div data-result-item="2">短信验证码自动化</div>
+</div>
+"""
+
+
+class MockLocator:
+    def __init__(self, selector: str, visible: set[str], texts: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        self._selector = selector
+        self._visible = visible
+        self._texts = texts
+
+    @property
+    def first(self) -> MockLocator:
+        return self
+
+    async def is_visible(self, timeout: int = 500) -> bool:
+        return self._selector in self._visible
+
+    async def inner_text(self, timeout: int = 1000) -> str:
+        return self._texts.get(self._selector, "")
+
+    async def count(self) -> int:
+        return 1 if self._selector in self._visible else 0
+
+
+class MockPage:
+    def __init__(self, visible: set[str], texts: dict[str, str] | None = None) -> None:
+        self._visible = visible
+        self._texts = texts or {}
+
+    def locator(self, selector: str) -> MockLocator:
+        return MockLocator(selector, self._visible, self._texts)
+
+
+class TestHumanVerificationFromText(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_slider_dom_detect(self) -> None:
+        state = detect_human_verification_from_text(SLIDER_HTML)
+        self.assertTrue(state.present)
+        self.assertEqual(state.kind, "slider")
+        self.assertTrue(state.selector)
+
+    def test_sms_dom_detect(self) -> None:
+        state = detect_human_verification_from_text(SMS_HTML)
+        self.assertTrue(state.present)
+        self.assertEqual(state.kind, "sms")
+        self.assertTrue(state.selector)
+
+    def test_search_results_not_misclassified(self) -> None:
+        state = detect_human_verification_from_text(SEARCH_RESULTS_HTML)
+        self.assertFalse(state.present)
+
+    def test_body_keywords_without_dom_not_misclassified(self) -> None:
+        text = "RPA 滑块验证码识别教程\n短信验证码自动化"
+        state = detect_human_verification_from_text(text)
+        self.assertFalse(state.present)
+
+
+class TestHumanVerificationDomDetect(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_slider_dom_visible(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(
+            {".vc-captcha-verify.slide"},
+            {".vc-captcha-verify.slide": "请完成下列验证后继续"},
+        )
+        state = asyncio.run(detect_human_verification(page))
+        self.assertTrue(state.present)
+        self.assertEqual(state.kind, "slider")
+        self.assertEqual(state.selector, ".vc-captcha-verify.slide")
+
+    def test_sms_dom_visible(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(
+            {".second-verify-panel"},
+            {".second-verify-panel": "短信验证 获取验证码"},
+        )
+        state = asyncio.run(detect_human_verification(page))
+        self.assertTrue(state.present)
+        self.assertEqual(state.kind, "sms")
+
+    def test_no_verification_when_empty(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(set())
+        state = asyncio.run(detect_human_verification(page))
+        self.assertFalse(state.present)
+
+
+class TestSaveLoginCountdown(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_wait_not_present_no_delay(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(set())
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        result = asyncio.run(wait_save_login_countdown_if_present(page, timeout_sec=8))
+        elapsed = time.monotonic() - start
+        self.assertFalse(result)
+        self.assertLess(elapsed, 1.0)
+
+
+class TestHumanVerificationWait(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_wait_timeout_slider_dom(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(
+            {".vc-captcha-verify.slide"},
+            {".vc-captcha-verify.slide": "请完成下列验证后继续"},
+        )
+        result = asyncio.run(
+            wait_human_verification_if_present(page, wait_sec=1, stage="search_verification")
+        )
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, HumanVerificationWaitResult)
+        self.assertTrue(result.timed_out)
+        self.assertEqual(result.code, "SLIDER_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT")
+        self.assertIn("滑块验证码未在 1 秒内完成", result.message)
+        self.assertEqual(result.stage, "search_verification")
+
+    def test_wait_timeout_sms_dom(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(
+            {".second-verify-panel"},
+            {".second-verify-panel": "短信验证 获取验证码"},
+        )
+        result = asyncio.run(
+            wait_human_verification_if_present(page, wait_sec=1, stage="login_check")
+        )
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, HumanVerificationWaitResult)
+        self.assertTrue(result.timed_out)
+        self.assertEqual(result.code, "SMS_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT")
+        self.assertEqual(result.stage, "login_check")
+
+    def test_collect_no_verification_immediate_none(self) -> None:
+        page = MockPage(set())
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        err = asyncio.run(wait_human_verification_if_present(page, wait_sec=180, stage="collect"))
+        elapsed = time.monotonic() - start
+        self.assertIsNone(err)
+        self.assertLess(elapsed, 1.0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

examples/real_browser_rpa/tests/test_stop_reason.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""stop_reason 用户友好文案单元测试。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import unittest
+
+from service.task_rpa import format_stop_reason_for_user
+
+
+class TestFormatStopReasonForUser(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_max_items(self) -> None:
+        msg = format_stop_reason_for_user("max_items", 100)
+        self.assertIn("默认采集规模", msg)
+        self.assertIn("100", msg)
+
+    def test_end_marker(self) -> None:
+        msg = format_stop_reason_for_user("end_marker", 42)
+        self.assertIn("没有更多结果", msg)
+
+    def test_no_new_rounds(self) -> None:
+        msg = format_stop_reason_for_user("no_new_rounds", 30)
+        self.assertIn("连续多次加载没有发现新结果", msg)
+
+    def test_max_scrolls(self) -> None:
+        msg = format_stop_reason_for_user("max_scrolls", 80)
+        self.assertIn("页面加载保护范围", msg)
+
+    def test_none_or_unknown(self) -> None:
+        self.assertEqual(format_stop_reason_for_user(None, 10), "本次采集已完成。")
+        self.assertEqual(format_stop_reason_for_user("unknown", 10), "本次采集已完成。")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

examples/simulator_api/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Simulator API Example
+
+这个目录用于沉淀“仿真环境 / API”类 skill 的可复制成功案例。
+
+## 适用场景
+
+- 使用 mock / sandbox / simulator API
+- 不需要启动浏览器
+- 适合演示输入校验、API 调用、结果入库、日志、错误契约和测试
+
+## 当前状态
+
+- 本目录暂时只保留结构占位。
+- 示例业务尚未确定。
+- 本轮不包含示例代码。

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# Simulator Browser RPA Example
+
+这是一个**仿真浏览器 RPA** 的可复制参考实现：在可控 sandbox 页面上，通过 Playwright 完成登录、表单填写、弹窗确认、结果解析。
+
+本示例抽象自已跑通的「批量提交类」浏览器自动化 skill，但已去业务化，不包含真实银行/真实资金语义。
+
+## 适合什么场景
+
+- 自有 **仿真系统 / sandbox / training 页面**
+- 需要 **浏览器 RPA** 做端到端演示或回归
+- 表单较复杂：多步登录、Tab 切换、动态增行、PIN 弹窗、成功页解析
+- 需要 **adapter 分层**：mock（CI）与 simulator_rpa（半集成）可切换
+
+## 不适合什么场景
+
+- **真实第三方网站 + 高风控 + 人工验证码** → 优先看 [`../real_browser_rpa/README.md`](../real_browser_rpa/README.md)
+- 目标系统有稳定 **官方 API** → 不要硬写浏览器 RPA，后续参考 `real_api`
+- **不要把本示例的业务字段、selector、sandbox URL 原样复制**到你的 skill
+
+## 目录结构
+
+```
+simulator_browser_rpa/
+├── README.md
+├── sandbox/
+│   └── demo_app.html          # 本地仿真页面（稳定 data-testid / name）
+├── scripts/
+│   ├── service/
+│   │   ├── browser_session.py # 浏览器启动（URL 仅 page.goto）
+│   │   ├── account_client.py  # 账号来源集中封装
+│   │   ├── task_service.py    # 编排层
+│   │   └── adapter/
+│   │       ├── base.py        # BatchItem / BatchSubmitResult 契约
+│   │       ├── mock.py        # mock/unit 档
+│   │       ├── simulator_rpa.py
+│   │       └── __init__.py    # select_adapter
+│   └── util/
+│       ├── constants.py
+│       └── logging.py
+└── tests/
+    ├── test_adapter_dispatch.py
+    ├── test_simulator_rpa_unit.py
+    └── test_stop_reason.py
+```
+
+## 文件职责
+
+| 文件 | 职责 |
+|---|---|
+| `browser_session.py` | 系统 Chrome/Edge + launch args 规范；支持 profile / 无 profile |
+| `account_client.py` | 示例从环境变量读账号；真实 skill 可在此集中对接 account-manager |
+| `adapter/base.py` | 数据契约与 `BatchAdapterBase` |
+| `adapter/mock.py` | 不启浏览器，供 unit/mock/CI |
+| `adapter/simulator_rpa.py` | 仿真 RPA 主流程 |
+| `task_service.py` | 校验输入 → 选 adapter → 提交 → 返回 summary |
+| `sandbox/demo_app.html` | 可控 DOM，配合 selector 稳定 |
+| `tests/` | dispatch、URL 不进 launch args、失败转结果 |
+
+## 核心流程
+
+1. `task_service.run_batch_submit(target, items)` 校验参数
+2. `select_adapter()` 按 `OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET` 选择 mock 或 simulator RPA
+3. simulator 档：`pick_simulator_account()` → `set_credentials()` → `submit_batch()`
+4. RPA：登录两步 → 批量页 → 填表 → 提交 → PIN → 解析 `batch_id`
+5. 失败截图（有 `artifacts_dir` 时）→ 返回 `BatchSubmitResult`
+
+## 复制到新 skill 时怎么做
+
+**保留：**
+
+- adapter 分层（base / mock / simulator_rpa / `select_adapter`）
+- `browser_session.py` 启动规范（**URL 不进 launch args**）
+- `account_client.py` 集中封装模式
+- 关键节点结构化日志 + 失败截图
+- 测试：dispatch、launch args、错误转 `BatchSubmitResult`
+
+**替换：**
+
+- `BatchItem` 字段与校验规则
+- `sandbox/demo_app.html` 或 `SIMULATOR_BASE_URL` 指向的页面
+- 全部 DOM selector（必须 F12 实测）
+- `task_service.py` 输入输出与 DB/任务日志
+- mock 返回字段、成功页 `batch_id` 解析逻辑
+
+## 明确禁止
+
+- 不要复制 `__pycache__`、`.pytest_cache`、`artifacts/`、`recordings/` 等生成物
+- **不要在技能侧**执行 `playwright install` / `pip install playwright`（Python 包由宿主共享 runtime 提供）
+- **不要把 URL 放进** `launch_persistent_context(args=[...])`
+- **不要在** `task_service.py` / RPA 主流程里散落 account-manager subprocess
+- **不要把真实生产系统**配置到 `simulator_rpa` 档位
+- 不要照抄 slug、logger 名、演示账号到生产 skill
+
+## 依赖说明
+
+- Python 3.10+
+- Python 包 `playwright`：由**宿主共享 runtime** 提供；技能侧不要写入 `requirements.txt`，不要 `pip install playwright`
+- 默认使用**系统 Chrome/Edge**，不使用 Playwright 内置 Chromium
+- 技能侧不要执行 `playwright install` / `playwright install chromium`
+- 本地独立开发若缺 Playwright Python 包，仅作开发机临时补装；生产由宿主解决
+- `jiangchang_skill_core.runtime_env.find_chrome_executable`（可选，用于查找系统浏览器）
+
+## 环境变量（示例）
+
+| 变量 | 说明 |
+|---|---|
+| `OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET` | `mock`/`unit` → Mock；默认 → Simulator RPA |
+| `SIMULATOR_BASE_URL` | 仿真页 URL；默认本地 `sandbox/demo_app.html` 的 file URI |
+| `SIMULATOR_LOGIN_ID` / `PASSWORD` / `TOKEN_PIN` | 演示账号 |
+| `SIMULATOR_PROFILE_DIR` | 可选 persistent profile |
+| `OPENCLAW_BROWSER_HEADLESS` | `0` 默认有头；`1` 无头模式（CI 可用） |
+
+## 运行测试
+
+```bash
+cd examples/simulator_browser_rpa
+python -m pytest tests/ -v
+```
+
+测试为 mock/纯函数，**不需要启动真实浏览器**。
+
+## 当前状态
+
+- 示例代码与 sandbox 页面已就绪，可作为仿真浏览器 RPA 复制起点。
+- 未接入完整 CLI、数据库与 entitlement。

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/sandbox/demo_app.html

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+  <title>仿真批量提交系统（示例 Sandbox）</title>
+  <style>
+    body { font-family: sans-serif; margin: 24px; max-width: 960px; }
+    section { margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 16px; border: 1px solid #ccc; }
+    .hidden { display: none; }
+    table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; }
+    td, th { border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; }
+    dialog-like { display: block; border: 2px solid #333; padding: 16px; margin-top: 16px; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1>仿真业务系统 · 批量提交（示例）</h1>
+
+  <section id="login-step1-section">
+    <h2>登录 · 第一步</h2>
+    <form name="simLoginStep1" data-testid="login-step1">
+      <label>账号 <input name="loginId" data-testid="login-id" /></label>
+      <button type="submit">下一步</button>
+    </form>
+  </section>
+
+  <section id="login-step2-section" class="hidden">
+    <h2>登录 · 第二步</h2>
+    <form name="simLoginStep2" data-testid="login-step2">
+      <label>密码 <input name="password" type="password" data-testid="password" /></label>
+      <label>验证码 <input name="captcha" data-testid="captcha" /></label>
+      <button type="submit">登录</button>
+    </form>
+  </section>
+
+  <section id="batch-section" class="hidden">
+    <h2>批量提交</h2>
+    <form name="simBatchForm" data-testid="batch-form">
+      <label>来源账户
+        <select name="fromAccountNo" data-testid="from-account">
+          <option value="">请选择</option>
+          <option value="acct-demo-001">演示账户 acct-demo-001</option>
+          <option value="acct-demo-002">演示账户 acct-demo-002</option>
+        </select>
+      </label>
+      <button type="button" id="tab-page-fill" data-testid="tab-page-fill">页面填写</button>
+      <button type="button" id="btn-add-row" data-testid="add-row">新增一行</button>
+      <table id="batch-table" data-testid="batch-table">
+        <thead><tr><th>#</th><th>姓名</th><th>账号</th><th>备注</th><th>金额</th></tr></thead>
+        <tbody id="batch-rows"></tbody>
+      </table>
+      <label>用途 <input name="purpose" data-testid="purpose" /></label>
+      <button type="submit" data-testid="batch-submit">提交批次</button>
+    </form>
+  </section>
+
+  <section id="success-section" class="hidden">
+    <h2>提交成功</h2>
+    <p data-testid="batch-id" id="batch-id-display"></p>
+    <p data-testid="success-message">批次已受理，等待后续处理。</p>
+  </section>
+
+  <div id="pin-dialog" class="hidden" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" data-testid="pin-dialog">
+    <h3>确认 PIN</h3>
+    <input type="password" inputmode="numeric" data-testid="pin-input" />
+    <button type="button" id="pin-confirm" data-testid="pin-confirm">确认提交</button>
+  </div>
+
+  <script>
+    const DEMO_CAPTCHA = "0000";
+    let rowCount = 0;
+
+    document.querySelector('form[name="simLoginStep1"]').addEventListener('submit', function (e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      document.getElementById('login-step1-section').classList.add('hidden');
+      document.getElementById('login-step2-section').classList.remove('hidden');
+    });
+
+    document.querySelector('form[name="simLoginStep2"]').addEventListener('submit', function (e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      const cap = document.querySelector('input[name="captcha"]').value;
+      if (cap !== DEMO_CAPTCHA) {
+        alert('验证码错误（演示值 0000）');
+        return;
+      }
+      document.getElementById('login-step2-section').classList.add('hidden');
+      document.getElementById('batch-section').classList.remove('hidden');
+      ensureRow(1);
+    });
+
+    document.getElementById('tab-page-fill').addEventListener('click', function () {
+      document.getElementById('batch-table').scrollIntoView();
+    });
+
+    document.getElementById('btn-add-row').addEventListener('click', function () {
+      rowCount += 1;
+      addRow(rowCount);
+    });
+
+    function ensureRow(index) {
+      if (!document.querySelector('tr[data-row-index="' + index + '"]')) {
+        addRow(index);
+      }
+      rowCount = Math.max(rowCount, index);
+    }
+
+    function addRow(index) {
+      rowCount = Math.max(rowCount, index);
+      const tbody = document.getElementById('batch-rows');
+      const tr = document.createElement('tr');
+      tr.setAttribute('data-row-index', String(index));
+      tr.innerHTML =
+        '<td>' + index + '</td>' +
+        '<td><input name="name" data-testid="row-name-' + index + '" /></td>' +
+        '<td><input name="account" data-testid="row-account-' + index + '" /></td>' +
+        '<td><input name="note" data-testid="row-note-' + index + '" /></td>' +
+        '<td><input name="amount" data-testid="row-amount-' + index + '" /></td>';
+      tbody.appendChild(tr);
+    }
+
+    document.querySelector('form[name="simBatchForm"]').addEventListener('submit', function (e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      document.getElementById('pin-dialog').classList.remove('hidden');
+    });
+
+    document.getElementById('pin-confirm').addEventListener('click', function () {
+      const pin = document.querySelector('[data-testid="pin-input"]').value;
+      if (!pin || pin.length < 4) {
+        alert('请输入演示 PIN');
+        return;
+      }
+      document.getElementById('pin-dialog').classList.add('hidden');
+      const batchId = 'SIM-' + Date.now();
+      document.getElementById('batch-section').classList.add('hidden');
+      document.getElementById('success-section').classList.remove('hidden');
+      document.getElementById('batch-id-display').textContent = batchId;
+      document.getElementById('batch-id-display').dataset.batchId = batchId;
+      window.location.hash = '#/batch/' + batchId;
+    });
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/account_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""仿真账号来源封装（示例级；真实 skill 可在此集中对接 account-manager）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional
+
+from util.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_DEMO_LOGIN_ID,
+    DEFAULT_DEMO_PASSWORD,
+    DEFAULT_DEMO_TOKEN_PIN,
+    ENV_SIMULATOR_LOGIN_ID,
+    ENV_SIMULATOR_PASSWORD,
+    ENV_SIMULATOR_PROFILE_DIR,
+    ENV_SIMULATOR_TOKEN_PIN,
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SimulatorAccount:
+    login_id: str
+    password: str
+    token_pin: str
+    profile_dir: str = ""
+
+
+def pick_simulator_account() -> SimulatorAccount:
+    """
+    示例账号来源：优先读环境变量，否则返回内置 demo 账号。
+
+    真实 skill 若依赖 account-manager，应把 subprocess / sibling_bridge 调用
+    集中在本模块，不要散落到 task_service 或 RPA 主流程中。
+    """
+    return SimulatorAccount(
+        login_id=(os.getenv(ENV_SIMULATOR_LOGIN_ID) or DEFAULT_DEMO_LOGIN_ID).strip(),
+        password=(os.getenv(ENV_SIMULATOR_PASSWORD) or DEFAULT_DEMO_PASSWORD).strip(),
+        token_pin=(os.getenv(ENV_SIMULATOR_TOKEN_PIN) or DEFAULT_DEMO_TOKEN_PIN).strip(),
+        profile_dir=(os.getenv(ENV_SIMULATOR_PROFILE_DIR) or "").strip(),
+    )

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/adapter/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""adapter 工厂：按 OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET 选择实现。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+
+from service.adapter.base import BatchAdapterBase, BatchItem, BatchSubmitResult
+from service.adapter.mock import MockBatchAdapter
+from service.adapter.simulator_rpa import SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "select_adapter",
+    "BatchAdapterBase",
+    "BatchItem",
+    "BatchSubmitResult",
+    "MockBatchAdapter",
+    "SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter",
+]
+
+
+def select_adapter(artifacts_dir: Optional[str] = None) -> BatchAdapterBase:
+    target = os.environ.get("OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET", "").strip().lower()
+
+    if target in ("mock", "unit"):
+        logger.info("target '%s': MockBatchAdapter", target)
+        return MockBatchAdapter()
+
+    if target == "real_rpa":
+        logger.warning("target real_rpa 未实现，回退 MockBatchAdapter")
+        return MockBatchAdapter()
+
+    if target and target != "simulator_rpa":
+        logger.warning("未知 target '%s'，回退 simulator_rpa", target)
+
+    logger.info("target '%s': SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter", target or "(unset=default)")
+    return SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter(artifacts_dir=artifacts_dir)

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/adapter/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""批量提交 adapter 基类与数据契约。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BatchItem:
+    row_index: int
+    name: str
+    account: str
+    amount: float
+    note: str = ""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BatchSubmitResult:
+    ok: bool
+    batch_id: Optional[str]
+    submitted_count: int
+    submitted_amount: float
+    error_msg: Optional[str]
+    artifacts: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+class BatchAdapterBase:
+    name: str = "base"
+
+    def submit_batch(self, target: str, items: List[BatchItem]) -> BatchSubmitResult:
+        raise NotImplementedError

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/adapter/mock.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""mock / unit 档位：不启动浏览器。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+from typing import List
+
+from service.adapter.base import BatchAdapterBase, BatchItem, BatchSubmitResult
+
+
+class MockBatchAdapter(BatchAdapterBase):
+    name = "mock"
+
+    def submit_batch(self, target: str, items: List[BatchItem]) -> BatchSubmitResult:
+        del target
+        if not items:
+            return BatchSubmitResult(
+                ok=False,
+                batch_id=None,
+                submitted_count=0,
+                submitted_amount=0.0,
+                error_msg="items 为空",
+                artifacts={"adapter": self.name},
+            )
+
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+        total = sum(it.amount for it in items)
+        fake_batch_id = f"MOCK-{int(time.time())}"
+        return BatchSubmitResult(
+            ok=True,
+            batch_id=fake_batch_id,
+            submitted_count=len(items),
+            submitted_amount=total,
+            error_msg=None,
+            artifacts={"adapter": self.name},
+        )

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/adapter/simulator_rpa.py

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+"""仿真浏览器 RPA：操作 sandbox/demo_app.html 完成批量提交。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import random
+import re
+import time
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from service.adapter.base import BatchAdapterBase, BatchItem, BatchSubmitResult
+from service.browser_session import browser_session, find_chrome_executable
+from util.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_DEMO_CAPTCHA,
+    DEFAULT_DEMO_LOGIN_ID,
+    DEFAULT_DEMO_PASSWORD,
+    DEFAULT_DEMO_TOKEN_PIN,
+    DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    LOGIN_NAVIGATE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    SUBMIT_NAVIGATE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    resolve_simulator_base_url,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_PAUSE_MIN_MS = 500
+_PAUSE_MAX_MS = 2000
+
+
+class RpaError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message: str, screenshot_path: Optional[str] = None):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.screenshot_path = screenshot_path
+
+
+class SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter(BatchAdapterBase):
+    name = "simulator_browser_rpa"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base_url: Optional[str] = None,
+        headless: Optional[bool] = None,
+        artifacts_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.base_url = (base_url or resolve_simulator_base_url()).rstrip("/")
+        if headless is None:
+            env = os.environ.get("OPENCLAW_BROWSER_HEADLESS", "").strip().lower()
+            self.headless = env in ("1", "true", "yes")
+        else:
+            self.headless = headless
+        self.artifacts_dir = artifacts_dir
+
+        self._login_id: str = DEFAULT_DEMO_LOGIN_ID
+        self._password: str = DEFAULT_DEMO_PASSWORD
+        self._token_pin: str = DEFAULT_DEMO_TOKEN_PIN
+        self._profile_dir: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def set_credentials(
+        self,
+        login_id: str,
+        password: str,
+        token_pin: str,
+        profile_dir: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._login_id = login_id
+        self._password = password
+        self._token_pin = token_pin
+        stripped = (profile_dir or "").strip()
+        self._profile_dir = stripped or None
+
+    def submit_batch(self, target: str, items: List[BatchItem]) -> BatchSubmitResult:
+        try:
+            from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright  # noqa: F401
+        except ImportError:
+            return BatchSubmitResult(
+                ok=False,
+                batch_id=None,
+                submitted_count=0,
+                submitted_amount=0.0,
+                error_msg=(
+                    "playwright Python 包不可用。"
+                    "生产/宿主运行由共享 runtime 提供；技能侧不要 pip install playwright。"
+                ),
+                artifacts={"adapter": self.name},
+            )
+
+        if not items:
+            return BatchSubmitResult(
+                ok=False,
+                batch_id=None,
+                submitted_count=0,
+                submitted_amount=0.0,
+                error_msg="items 为空",
+                artifacts={"adapter": self.name},
+            )
+
+        if not find_chrome_executable():
+            return BatchSubmitResult(
+                ok=False,
+                batch_id=None,
+                submitted_count=0,
+                submitted_amount=0.0,
+                error_msg="未检测到 Chrome 或 Edge 浏览器，请安装系统浏览器后重试。",
+                artifacts={"adapter": self.name},
+            )
+
+        start_url = self.base_url
+        try:
+            with browser_session(
+                start_url,
+                profile_dir=self._profile_dir,
+                headless=self.headless,
+            ) as page:
+                try:
+                    logger.info("rpa_login_start url=%s", start_url)
+                    self._login(page)
+                    logger.info("rpa_login_done")
+
+                    self._goto_batch_page(page)
+                    logger.info("rpa_batch_page_ready")
+
+                    self._fill_batch_form(page, target, items)
+                    logger.info("rpa_batch_form_filled rows=%s", len(items))
+
+                    batch_id = self._submit_and_get_batch_id(page)
+                    logger.info("rpa_submit_success batch_id=%s", batch_id)
+
+                    total = sum(it.amount for it in items)
+                    return BatchSubmitResult(
+                        ok=True,
+                        batch_id=batch_id,
+                        submitted_count=len(items),
+                        submitted_amount=total,
+                        error_msg=None,
+                        artifacts={"adapter": self.name},
+                    )
+                except RpaError as exc:
+                    logger.error("rpa_failed: %s", exc)
+                    arts = {"adapter": self.name}
+                    if exc.screenshot_path:
+                        arts["screenshot"] = exc.screenshot_path
+                    return BatchSubmitResult(
+                        ok=False,
+                        batch_id=None,
+                        submitted_count=0,
+                        submitted_amount=0.0,
+                        error_msg=str(exc),
+                        artifacts=arts,
+                    )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "unexpected_error")
+                    logger.exception("rpa_unexpected: %s", exc)
+                    arts = {"adapter": self.name}
+                    if sp:
+                        arts["screenshot"] = sp
+                    return BatchSubmitResult(
+                        ok=False,
+                        batch_id=None,
+                        submitted_count=0,
+                        submitted_amount=0.0,
+                        error_msg=f"未预期异常：{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}",
+                        artifacts=arts,
+                    )
+        except Exception as outer:
+            return BatchSubmitResult(
+                ok=False,
+                batch_id=None,
+                submitted_count=0,
+                submitted_amount=0.0,
+                error_msg=f"启动浏览器失败：{outer}",
+                artifacts={"adapter": self.name},
+            )
+
+    def _pause(self, min_ms: int = _PAUSE_MIN_MS, max_ms: int = _PAUSE_MAX_MS) -> None:
+        time.sleep(random.uniform(min_ms, max_ms) / 1000.0)
+
+    def _login(self, page) -> None:
+        try:
+            page.wait_for_selector('form[name="simLoginStep1"]', timeout=LOGIN_NAVIGATE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            self._pause()
+            page.fill('form[name="simLoginStep1"] input[name="loginId"]', self._login_id)
+            self._pause()
+            page.click('form[name="simLoginStep1"] button[type="submit"]')
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "login_step1_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"登录第一步失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        try:
+            page.wait_for_selector('form[name="simLoginStep2"]', timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            self._pause()
+            page.fill('form[name="simLoginStep2"] input[name="password"]', self._password)
+            page.fill('form[name="simLoginStep2"] input[name="captcha"]', DEFAULT_DEMO_CAPTCHA)
+            self._pause()
+            page.click('form[name="simLoginStep2"] button[type="submit"]')
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "login_step2_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"登录第二步失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        try:
+            page.wait_for_selector('form[name="simBatchForm"]', timeout=LOGIN_NAVIGATE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "login_navigate_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"登录后未进入批量提交页：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+    def _goto_batch_page(self, page) -> None:
+        try:
+            page.wait_for_selector('form[name="simBatchForm"]', timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            self._pause()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "goto_batch_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"进入批量提交页失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+    def _select_target_account(self, page, target: str) -> None:
+        sel = page.locator('select[name="fromAccountNo"]')
+        sel.wait_for(timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        n = sel.locator("option").count()
+        matched_value: Optional[str] = None
+        first_value: Optional[str] = None
+        for i in range(n):
+            opt = sel.locator("option").nth(i)
+            val = opt.get_attribute("value") or ""
+            if not val.strip():
+                continue
+            label_txt = opt.inner_text()
+            if first_value is None:
+                first_value = val
+            if target.strip() and target.strip() in label_txt:
+                matched_value = val
+                break
+        pick = matched_value or first_value
+        if not pick:
+            raise RpaError("来源账户下拉无可选项")
+        if not matched_value and target.strip():
+            logger.warning("target '%s' 未匹配选项，回退 value=%s", target, pick)
+        sel.select_option(value=pick)
+        self._pause()
+
+    def _fill_batch_form(self, page, target: str, items: List[BatchItem]) -> None:
+        try:
+            page.get_by_role("button", name=re.compile(r"页面填写")).click()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "tab_switch_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"切换到页面填写失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        try:
+            self._select_target_account(page, target)
+        except RpaError:
+            raise
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "select_account_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"选择来源账户失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        try:
+            existing = page.locator("tr[data-row-index]").count()
+            need_more = max(0, len(items) - existing)
+            add_btn = page.get_by_role("button", name=re.compile(r"新增一行"))
+            for _ in range(need_more):
+                self._pause(400, 900)
+                add_btn.click()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "add_rows_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"新增明细行失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        for it in items:
+            try:
+                row = page.locator(f'tr[data-row-index="{it.row_index}"]')
+                row.wait_for(timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                self._pause(300, 800)
+                row.locator('input[name="name"]').fill(it.name)
+                row.locator('input[name="account"]').fill(it.account)
+                row.locator('input[name="note"]').fill(it.note or "")
+                row.locator('input[name="amount"]').fill(f"{it.amount}")
+            except Exception as exc:
+                sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, f"fill_row_{it.row_index}_failed")
+                raise RpaError(f"填第 {it.row_index} 行失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        try:
+            page.fill('input[name="purpose"]', "仿真批量提交示例")
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning("填写用途失败（非致命）：%s", exc)
+
+    def _submit_and_get_batch_id(self, page) -> str:
+        try:
+            self._pause(800, 1500)
+            page.locator('form[name="simBatchForm"] button[type="submit"]').click()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "click_submit_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"点击提交失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        dlg_sel = 'div[role="dialog"][aria-modal="true"]'
+        try:
+            page.wait_for_selector(dlg_sel, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "pin_dialog_not_open")
+            raise RpaError(f"PIN 弹窗未出现：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        try:
+            pin_input = page.locator(f'{dlg_sel} input[type="password"][inputmode="numeric"]')
+            self._pause(500, 1200)
+            pin_input.fill(self._token_pin)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "fill_pin_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"填写 PIN 失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        try:
+            page.locator(dlg_sel).get_by_role("button", name=re.compile(r"确认提交")).click()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "click_confirm_failed")
+            raise RpaError(f"确认提交失败：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        try:
+            page.wait_for_selector('[data-testid="batch-id"]', timeout=SUBMIT_NAVIGATE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "success_area_not_visible")
+            raise RpaError(f"提交后未出现成功区域：{exc}", screenshot_path=sp) from exc
+
+        batch_id = page.locator('[data-testid="batch-id"]').get_attribute("data-batch-id") or ""
+        if not batch_id:
+            batch_id = page.locator('[data-testid="batch-id"]').inner_text().strip()
+        url = page.url
+        if not batch_id and "#/batch/" in url:
+            batch_id = url.split("#/batch/", 1)[1].split("?")[0].split("#")[0].strip("/")
+        if not batch_id:
+            sp = self._safe_screenshot(page, "batch_id_empty")
+            raise RpaError(f"无法解析 batch_id，url={url}", screenshot_path=sp)
+        return batch_id
+
+    def _safe_screenshot(self, page, tag: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        if not self.artifacts_dir:
+            return None
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(self.artifacts_dir, exist_ok=True)
+            path = os.path.join(self.artifacts_dir, f"{tag}_{int(time.time())}.png")
+            page.screenshot(path=path, full_page=True)
+            logger.info("screenshot_saved path=%s", path)
+            return path
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning("screenshot_failed tag=%s err=%s", tag, exc)
+            return None

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/browser_session.py

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+"""浏览器会话启动（系统 Chrome/Edge；URL 仅通过 page.goto 打开）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import Any, Generator, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DEFAULT_PAGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000
+GOTO_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000
+
+CHROME_LAUNCH_ARGS: List[str] = [
+    "--start-maximized",
+    "--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled",
+]
+
+STEALTH_INIT_SCRIPT = """
+(() => {
+  try { Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', { get: () => undefined }); } catch (e) {}
+})();
+"""
+
+
+def chrome_launch_args() -> List[str]:
+    return list(CHROME_LAUNCH_ARGS)
+
+
+def _headless_from_env() -> bool:
+    v = (os.getenv("OPENCLAW_BROWSER_HEADLESS") or "0").strip().lower()
+    return v in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")
+
+
+def _find_chrome_executable() -> str | None:
+    try:
+        from jiangchang_skill_core.runtime_env import find_chrome_executable
+
+        chrome = find_chrome_executable()
+        if chrome and os.path.isfile(chrome):
+            return chrome
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    candidates = [
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe"),
+        os.path.expandvars(r"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe"),
+    ]
+    for path in candidates:
+        if path and os.path.isfile(path):
+            return path
+    return None
+
+
+def _clear_node_options() -> None:
+    os.environ.pop("NODE_OPTIONS", None)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def browser_session(
+    start_url: str,
+    *,
+    profile_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    headless: Optional[bool] = None,
+) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+    """
+    同步 Playwright 浏览器会话。
+
+    - Playwright Python 包由宿主共享 runtime 提供；技能侧不要 playwright install。
+    - launch args 仅放 Chrome 参数，不含 URL。
+    - 流程：launch → new_page → goto(start_url)
+    """
+    from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
+
+    _clear_node_options()
+    hl = headless if headless is not None else _headless_from_env()
+    chrome = _find_chrome_executable()
+    if not chrome:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "未检测到 Chrome 或 Edge 浏览器，请安装系统浏览器后重试。"
+        )
+
+    args = chrome_launch_args()
+    logger.info(
+        "browser_launch chrome=%s profile_dir=%s start_url=%s args=%s headless=%s",
+        chrome,
+        profile_dir or "",
+        start_url,
+        args,
+        hl,
+    )
+
+    browser_holder = None
+    context = None
+    with sync_playwright() as pw:
+        try:
+            if profile_dir:
+                context = pw.chromium.launch_persistent_context(
+                    user_data_dir=profile_dir,
+                    headless=hl,
+                    executable_path=chrome,
+                    locale="zh-CN",
+                    no_viewport=True,
+                    args=args,
+                    ignore_default_args=["--enable-automation"],
+                )
+            else:
+                browser_holder = pw.chromium.launch(
+                    headless=hl,
+                    executable_path=chrome,
+                    args=args,
+                    ignore_default_args=["--enable-automation"],
+                )
+                context = browser_holder.new_context(no_viewport=True, locale="zh-CN")
+
+            context.add_init_script(STEALTH_INIT_SCRIPT)
+            page = context.new_page()
+            page.set_default_timeout(DEFAULT_PAGE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            page.goto(start_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=GOTO_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            yield page
+        finally:
+            try:
+                if context is not None:
+                    context.close()
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning("browser_context_close_failed: %s", exc)
+            if browser_holder is not None:
+                try:
+                    browser_holder.close()
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    logger.warning("browser_close_failed: %s", exc)
+
+
+def find_chrome_executable() -> str | None:
+    return _find_chrome_executable()

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/service/task_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""轻量任务编排：校验输入 → 选 adapter → 提交批次。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+import uuid
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from service.account_client import pick_simulator_account
+from service.adapter import BatchItem, SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter, select_adapter
+from util.logging import get_logger
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def _validate_items(items: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> tuple[List[BatchItem], Optional[str]]:
+    if not items:
+        return [], "items 不能为空"
+    parsed: List[BatchItem] = []
+    for idx, raw in enumerate(items, start=1):
+        name = str(raw.get("name") or "").strip()
+        account = str(raw.get("account") or "").strip()
+        note = str(raw.get("note") or "").strip()
+        try:
+            amount = float(raw.get("amount"))
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return [], f"第 {idx} 行 amount 无效"
+        if amount <= 0:
+            return [], f"第 {idx} 行 amount 必须大于 0"
+        if not name or not account:
+            return [], f"第 {idx} 行 name/account 不能为空"
+        parsed.append(
+            BatchItem(
+                row_index=int(raw.get("row_index") or idx),
+                name=name,
+                account=account,
+                amount=amount,
+                note=note,
+            )
+        )
+    return parsed, None
+
+
+def run_batch_submit(
+    target: str,
+    items: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+    *,
+    force: bool = False,
+    artifacts_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    最小编排示例。
+
+    真实 skill 中还应：写 task_logs、entitlement、RpaVideoSession 等。
+    """
+    del force  # 示例占位；真实 skill 可用于跳过确认
+
+    target_key = (target or "").strip()
+    if not target_key:
+        return {"success": False, "error": {"code": "INVALID_TARGET", "message": "target 不能为空"}}
+
+    batch_items, err = _validate_items(items)
+    if err:
+        return {"success": False, "error": {"code": "INVALID_ITEMS", "message": err}}
+
+    art_dir = artifacts_dir or os.path.join(
+        tempfile.gettempdir(),
+        "openclaw-simulator-rpa-artifacts",
+        uuid.uuid4().hex[:8],
+    )
+    os.makedirs(art_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    logger.info("batch_submit_start target=%s item_count=%s artifacts_dir=%s", target_key, len(batch_items), art_dir)
+
+    adapter = select_adapter(artifacts_dir=art_dir)
+    if isinstance(adapter, SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter):
+        account = pick_simulator_account()
+        adapter.set_credentials(
+            account.login_id,
+            account.password,
+            account.token_pin,
+            account.profile_dir,
+        )
+
+    result = adapter.submit_batch(target_key, batch_items)
+    summary: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        "success": result.ok,
+        "target": target_key,
+        "adapter": result.artifacts.get("adapter") or adapter.name,
+        "submitted_count": result.submitted_count,
+        "submitted_amount": result.submitted_amount,
+        "batch_id": result.batch_id,
+        "artifacts": result.artifacts,
+        "artifacts_dir": art_dir,
+    }
+    if not result.ok:
+        summary["error"] = {"code": "BATCH_SUBMIT_FAILED", "message": result.error_msg or "提交失败"}
+    logger.info(
+        "batch_submit_done success=%s batch_id=%s adapter=%s",
+        result.ok,
+        result.batch_id,
+        adapter.name,
+    )
+    return summary

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/util/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""仿真浏览器 RPA 示例常量。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+SKILL_SLUG = "example-simulator-browser-rpa"
+LOG_LOGGER_NAME = "openclaw.skill.example_simulator_browser_rpa"
+
+DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000
+LOGIN_NAVIGATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000
+SUBMIT_NAVIGATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000
+
+DEFAULT_DEMO_LOGIN_ID = "demo001"
+DEFAULT_DEMO_PASSWORD = "demo-password"
+DEFAULT_DEMO_CAPTCHA = "0000"
+DEFAULT_DEMO_TOKEN_PIN = "123456"
+
+ENV_SIMULATOR_BASE_URL = "SIMULATOR_BASE_URL"
+ENV_SIMULATOR_LOGIN_ID = "SIMULATOR_LOGIN_ID"
+ENV_SIMULATOR_PASSWORD = "SIMULATOR_PASSWORD"
+ENV_SIMULATOR_TOKEN_PIN = "SIMULATOR_TOKEN_PIN"
+ENV_SIMULATOR_PROFILE_DIR = "SIMULATOR_PROFILE_DIR"
+
+_EXAMPLE_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+DEFAULT_DEMO_APP_PATH = _EXAMPLE_ROOT / "sandbox" / "demo_app.html"
+
+
+def resolve_simulator_base_url() -> str:
+    env = (os.getenv(ENV_SIMULATOR_BASE_URL) or "").strip()
+    if env:
+        return env.rstrip("/")
+    return DEFAULT_DEMO_APP_PATH.as_uri()

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts/util/logging.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+"""示例日志工具。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+
+from util.constants import LOG_LOGGER_NAME
+
+
+def get_logger(name: str | None = None) -> logging.Logger:
+    return logging.getLogger(name or LOG_LOGGER_NAME)
+
+
+def configure_logging(level: int = logging.INFO) -> None:
+    logging.basicConfig(level=level, format="%(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s")

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""pytest 路径：将 examples/simulator_browser_rpa/scripts 加入 import 路径。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+SCRIPTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "scripts"
+if str(SCRIPTS) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(SCRIPTS))

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/tests/test_adapter_dispatch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""adapter 工厂 dispatch 单元测试。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from service.adapter import (
+    BatchItem,
+    MockBatchAdapter,
+    SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter,
+    select_adapter,
+)
+
+
+class TestAdapterDispatch(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_default_returns_simulator_rpa(self) -> None:
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False):
+            os.environ.pop("OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET", None)
+            adapter = select_adapter()
+            self.assertIsInstance(adapter, SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter)
+
+    def test_unit_returns_mock(self) -> None:
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET": "unit"}):
+            self.assertIsInstance(select_adapter(), MockBatchAdapter)
+
+    def test_mock_returns_mock(self) -> None:
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET": "mock"}):
+            self.assertIsInstance(select_adapter(), MockBatchAdapter)
+
+    def test_simulator_rpa_returns_simulator(self) -> None:
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET": "simulator_rpa"}):
+            self.assertIsInstance(select_adapter(), SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter)
+
+    def test_real_rpa_falls_back_to_mock(self) -> None:
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET": "real_rpa"}):
+            self.assertIsInstance(select_adapter(), MockBatchAdapter)
+
+    def test_unknown_target_falls_back_simulator_rpa(self) -> None:
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"OPENCLAW_TEST_TARGET": "simulator_api"}):
+            self.assertIsInstance(select_adapter(), SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter)
+
+
+class TestMockAdapter(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_mock_success(self) -> None:
+        items = [
+            BatchItem(row_index=1, name="Alice", account="1001", amount=10.5),
+            BatchItem(row_index=2, name="Bob", account="1002", amount=20.0),
+        ]
+        result = MockBatchAdapter().submit_batch("acct-demo-001", items)
+        self.assertTrue(result.ok)
+        self.assertEqual(result.submitted_count, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(result.submitted_amount, 30.5)
+        self.assertTrue((result.batch_id or "").startswith("MOCK-"))
+
+    def test_mock_empty_items(self) -> None:
+        result = MockBatchAdapter().submit_batch("acct-demo-001", [])
+        self.assertFalse(result.ok)
+        self.assertEqual(result.error_msg, "items 为空")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/tests/test_simulator_rpa_unit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter 单元测试（不启动真实浏览器）。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from service.adapter import BatchItem, SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter
+from service.browser_session import CHROME_LAUNCH_ARGS
+
+
+class TestSimulatorRpaUnit(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_set_credentials_and_empty_profile_dir(self) -> None:
+        adapter = SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter()
+        adapter.set_credentials("demo001", "pwd", "pin", "   ")
+        self.assertEqual(adapter._login_id, "demo001")
+        self.assertIsNone(adapter._profile_dir)
+
+    def test_submit_batch_empty_items(self) -> None:
+        adapter = SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter()
+        result = adapter.submit_batch("acct-demo-001", [])
+        self.assertFalse(result.ok)
+        self.assertIn("items", result.error_msg or "")
+
+    @patch("service.adapter.simulator_rpa.find_chrome_executable", return_value=None)
+    def test_no_chrome_returns_error_without_launch(self, _chrome: MagicMock) -> None:
+        adapter = SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter()
+        items = [BatchItem(row_index=1, name="A", account="1", amount=1.0)]
+        result = adapter.submit_batch("acct-demo-001", items)
+        self.assertFalse(result.ok)
+        msg = result.error_msg or ""
+        self.assertTrue("Chrome" in msg or "Edge" in msg or "浏览器" in msg)
+
+    def test_chrome_launch_args_must_not_contain_url(self) -> None:
+        for arg in CHROME_LAUNCH_ARGS:
+            lowered = arg.lower()
+            self.assertFalse(lowered.startswith("http://"))
+            self.assertFalse(lowered.startswith("https://"))
+            self.assertFalse(lowered.startswith("file://"))
+
+    @patch("service.adapter.simulator_rpa.browser_session")
+    @patch("service.adapter.simulator_rpa.find_chrome_executable", return_value="C:/Chrome/chrome.exe")
+    def test_start_url_opened_via_goto_not_launch_args(
+        self,
+        _chrome: MagicMock,
+        mock_session: MagicMock,
+    ) -> None:
+        from service.adapter.simulator_rpa import RpaError
+
+        adapter = SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter(base_url="file:///demo/demo_app.html")
+        items = [BatchItem(row_index=1, name="A", account="1", amount=1.0)]
+
+        page = MagicMock()
+        mock_cm = MagicMock()
+        mock_cm.__enter__.return_value = page
+        mock_cm.__exit__.return_value = False
+        mock_session.return_value = mock_cm
+
+        with patch.object(adapter, "_login", side_effect=RpaError("login fail")):
+            result = adapter.submit_batch("acct-demo-001", items)
+
+        self.assertFalse(result.ok)
+        mock_session.assert_called_once()
+        called_start_url = mock_session.call_args[0][0]
+        self.assertEqual(called_start_url, "file:///demo/demo_app.html")
+        for arg in CHROME_LAUNCH_ARGS:
+            self.assertNotIn(arg, called_start_url)
+
+    def test_safe_screenshot_without_artifacts_dir(self) -> None:
+        adapter = SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter(artifacts_dir=None)
+        page = MagicMock()
+        self.assertIsNone(adapter._safe_screenshot(page, "tag"))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

examples/simulator_browser_rpa/tests/test_stop_reason.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""RPA 失败结果与 artifacts 单元测试。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from service.adapter import BatchItem, SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter
+from service.adapter.simulator_rpa import RpaError
+
+
+class TestBatchSubmitFailureResult(unittest.TestCase):
+    @patch("service.adapter.simulator_rpa.find_chrome_executable", return_value="C:/Chrome/chrome.exe")
+    @patch("service.adapter.simulator_rpa.browser_session")
+    def test_rpa_error_converts_to_failed_result(self, mock_session: MagicMock, _chrome: MagicMock) -> None:
+        page = MagicMock()
+        mock_cm = MagicMock()
+        mock_cm.__enter__.return_value = page
+        mock_cm.__exit__.return_value = False
+        mock_session.return_value = mock_cm
+
+        adapter = SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter(artifacts_dir="/tmp/art")
+        items = [BatchItem(row_index=1, name="A", account="1", amount=1.0)]
+
+        with patch.object(adapter, "_login", side_effect=RpaError("登录第一步失败：timeout", screenshot_path="/tmp/art/x.png")):
+            result = adapter.submit_batch("acct-demo-001", items)
+
+        self.assertFalse(result.ok)
+        self.assertIn("登录第一步失败", result.error_msg or "")
+        self.assertEqual(result.artifacts.get("adapter"), "simulator_browser_rpa")
+        self.assertEqual(result.artifacts.get("screenshot"), "/tmp/art/x.png")
+
+    @patch("service.adapter.simulator_rpa.find_chrome_executable", return_value="C:/Chrome/chrome.exe")
+    @patch("service.adapter.simulator_rpa.browser_session")
+    def test_unexpected_error_includes_adapter_name(self, mock_session: MagicMock, _chrome: MagicMock) -> None:
+        page = MagicMock()
+        mock_cm = MagicMock()
+        mock_cm.__enter__.return_value = page
+        mock_cm.__exit__.return_value = False
+        mock_session.return_value = mock_cm
+
+        adapter = SimulatorBrowserRpaAdapter(artifacts_dir=None)
+        items = [BatchItem(row_index=1, name="A", account="1", amount=1.0)]
+
+        with patch.object(adapter, "_login", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")):
+            result = adapter.submit_batch("acct-demo-001", items)
+
+        self.assertFalse(result.ok)
+        self.assertIn("未预期异常", result.error_msg or "")
+        self.assertEqual(result.artifacts.get("adapter"), "simulator_browser_rpa")
+        self.assertNotIn("screenshot", result.artifacts)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()